Abstract: A robot system includes a robot arm and an end effector coupled to the robot arm for receiving an item, the end effector having an aperture defined therein that is partially covered by an item when the item is received by the end effector. The system may include data processors in communication with the robot arm and an input to receive data from a sensor that can detect obstruction thereof as the end effector is moved past the sensor with the aperture aligned with the sensor. The robot system is able to determine a center of the item from positional information captured during sensor transitions. The robot system can then place the item such that the determined center of the item is received at an intended center location.

Abstract: A method of operating a robot includes detecting the occurrence of an abnormal operating condition of the robot during operation from hardware state data relating to the operation of the robot system. In response, current hardware state data of the robot at the time of the detection is captured, including robot positional information. A counter corresponding to the abnormal operating condition may then be incremented and, if the counter exceeds a threshold value or exceeds a threshold value in a certain time, a report may be generated including the captured hardware state data. The abnormal condition may for example be a fluctuation in vacuum level or a data transmission error.

Abstract: A method of operating a robot including a vacuum port for engaging an item, e.g. a wafer, is disclosed. The method includes operating, by a computer system, the robot in a first state, detecting using a vacuum sensor, a transition of a vacuum parameter from a first vacuum parameter zone to a second parameter zone in a plurality of vacuum parameter zones. Based on detecting the transition of the vacuum parameter from the first vacuum parameter zone to the second vacuum parameter zone, the operating state of the robot is altered from the first state to a second state. Also disclosed is an item transfer robot as part of an item transfer system.

Abstract: An end effector for a robot comprises a body and two arms depending from the body. Each arm includes mating features defined therein and a sensor located therein. A protective cap is coupled to each arm, each protective cap including mating features for interlocking with the mating features of the arms. The protective caps may each be coupled to the end effector by a single fastener.