Abstract: An alignment aid for a firearm includes a first sight having a base portion and a shroud portion. A fiber optic rod has a proximal end, a distal end, and an upper surface that extends between the proximal and distal ends. The fiber optic rod is disposed between the shroud portion and the base portion of the first sight. The shroud portion of the first sight surrounds the upper surface of the fiber optic rod from the proximal end to the distal end of the fiber optic rod and includes a plurality of apertures through the shroud portion of the first sight between the proximal and distal ends of the fiber optic rod.

Abstract: A method transforms ratings data for evaluation items to response data that indicates an approach, if any, toward the evaluation items and avoidance from the items. Approach entropy values and avoid entropy values may be generated for the items based on the response data. A relative preference order for the items may be determined from the generated approach and avoid entropy values.

Abstract: A method analyzes preferences of one or more participants. Each of the participants may be presented with a plurality of evaluation items that illustrate various marketing options. Response data from the participants that indicates at least an approach, if any, toward the evaluation items is obtained. An approach entropy value may be generated for the marketing options based on the response data for each participant. A relative preference order for each participant for the marketing options may be determined from the generated approach entropy values.

Abstract: A system and method generates recommendations of products or services to individuals. Product rankings by a large number of individuals are translated into approach and avoid response data for various categories of the products or services. The translated data is utilized to compute approach entropy values, avoid entropy values, mean approach intensity values, and mean avoid intensity values. One or more of a trade-off plot, a value function plot, and a saturation plot may be generated from the values. The plots may be analyzed to derive preference feature values. Clusters may be formed of individuals with the same preference feature values. Products or services that are highly ranked by members of a cluster may be recommended to other members of the cluster that have yet to purchase or consume the highly ranked products or services.

Abstract: A method analyzes preferences of one or more participants. Each of the participants may be presented with a plurality of evaluation items that illustrate various marketing options. Response data from the participants that indicates at least an approach, if any, toward the evaluation items is obtained. An approach entropy value may be generated for the marketing options based on the response data for each participant. A relative preference order for each participant for the marketing options may be determined from the generated approach entropy values.