Abstract: A method for use in liquid scintillation counting for detecting, recording and analyzing scintillation phenomena due to ionizing radiation in a device having a measuring chamber into which the sample is placed and which sample is measured with at least two light detectors. The occurrences of the measurement are recorded so completely that the measurement can be reconstructed and the analyzing principle can be decided afterwards.

Abstract: A shaker/incubator (10) comprising an even number of shaking planes (11) placed one on top of the other, which can be brought into a shaking motion by means of a rotating shaft (15) with eccentrics (20) attached thereto. Every second shaking plane is in the same phase of the shaking motion. The shaking planes are connected to each other by three vertical shafts (14, 15, 16) or by one vertical shaft (15) disposed in the middle so that the shaking plane connected to a toothed gear (24) rolls along a toothed rim (26) formed in the body (25).

Abstract: An invention for preventing optical crosstalk in a process of counting liquid scintillation samples deposited in a sample plate, the sample plate composed of a plurality of sample wells, the optical crosstalk being caused by mutual optical affection between samples deposited in the sample wells. Sample wells are provided with tubes made of material impermeable but reflective or scattering for scintillation light generated by the samples.

Abstract: The invention pertains to terpyridine compounds having structure (I). These compounds form fluorescent lanthanide chelates with the appropriate metal ions. The fluorescent metal chelates are useful as probes in time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for scintillation counting and a scintillation counter exploiting a coincidence technique, in which the coincidence resolving time is flexible and can be automatically adjusted to fit the scintillation characteristics of each sample separately. This is accomplished by measuring during a short initial period the pulse length of the scintillation pulses, and adjusting the coincidence resolving time of the coincidence analyzer before the actual counting of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method based on fluorescence, especially time-resolved fluorescence for quantitative assay of a bioaffinity reaction involving bioaffinity components. The method comprises the labelling of one or several of the bioaffinity components participating in the reaction with a lanthanide chelate, forming of a lanthanide chelate for a fluorescence measurement after the reaction, and measuring the fluorescence of the chelate. The lanthanide (Eu, Tb, Sm or Dy) is brought to a strongly fluorescent form before the fluorescence measurement by incorporating the lanthanide in an aggregated particle that comprises the lanthanide chelate and a chelate of a fluorescence-increasing ion (Y, Gd, Tb, Lu or La) to bring about a cofluorescence effect. An aliphatic or aromatic beta-diketone is used as the chelating compound in the aggregate.

Abstract: A method for correcting measuring values when measuring liquid scintillation samples deposited on sample plates by a photodetector which will be affected by scintillation photons from other samples in the plate in addition to the sample being measured. Said correction is done by pre-determining affection of the other samples of the plate as a function of quench level and correcting observed measuring values using this information.

Abstract: An arrangement for counting liquid scintillation samples on bottom-window multi-well sample plates in a liquid scintillation counter. The sample plates include a plurality of samples wells having light impermeable side walls and a light permeable bottom sheet which covers and forms the bottoms of said sample wells. The liquid scintillation counter includes at least one photomultiplier tube and a sample plate holder. The sample plate holder includes a device to hold sample plates of different sizes and a device to enable transporting of the sample plate holder by the scintillation counter. For preventing light passage between sample wells in the permeable bottom sheet a light permeable adhesive foil provided with black lines or other light passage preventing treatment between the sample wells is attached to the bottom side of the sample plate.

Abstract: An arrangement for counting liquid scintillation samples on a sample plate in a liquid scintillation counter having at least one photomultiplier tube. The sample plate contains a plurality of open-bottomed wells sealed with at least one filtration membrane impregnated with a solid meltable scintillator. The arrangement includes a sample plate holder for holding and transporting the sample plate in the liquid scintillation counter. The holder includes a device to hold sample plates of different sizes and a device to enable transportation of the sample plate in the liquid scintillation counter.

Abstract: A transfer device for cassettes containing radioactive samples and a cassette system in a gamma counter provided with a well-type detector. The transfer device comprises a path (61), by which cassettes (11, 12, 13) can be moved one at a time to a lifting position where sample containers can be lifted and moved to the measuring unit (50) for measuring. At the lifting position a vertical long side of the cassette (11, 12, 13) is locked in place against a vertical surface or edge (63) of the table (61) so that the distance between the center of the sample container (17) in the cassette from the vertical surface or edge of the table is substantially directly proportional to the radius of the sample container. The cassette system comprises at least two different cassettes (11, 12, 13) which are of the same length but which can take a different number of adjacently placed sample containers (17 ) of different sizes. The sample containers in each cassette are the same size.

Abstract: The method for demonstrating the presence of an activity of an enzyme by(a) incubating said enzyme with a fluorogenic substrate A which is converted by the enzyme to a product B differing from A in respect to its fluorescent properties, A and/or B carrying a chromophore which is a triplet sensitizer having a triplet energy level above the excitation energy level of a lanthanide ion selected from the group consisting of Eu.sup.3+, Tb.sup.3+, Dy.sup.3+ and Sm.sup.3+ and which is capable of chelating said lanthanide ion by means of an oxygen or nitrogen atom in said chromophore, and that B differs from A either by(i) carrying a different chromophore, or(ii) having a different chelating ability, and(b) measuring the change in fluorescence caused by said enzyme.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is a method for determining two or more radioactively labeled ligands simultaneously in the same sample. According to the invention the ligands are determined with proximity assay so that for determining said ligands support materials with different scintillation characteristics are employed, each said support material having attached onto it molecules specifically binding one of said ligands. The support material consists totally or partially of scintillator.

Abstract: A detection material for ionizing radiation. The material is solid at room temperature but meltable to a fluid at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. One essential component in said detection material is a low molecular weight aromatic polymer, preferably a thermoplastic resin that contains low molecular weight polymer molecules of styrene and/or styrene derivatives. The detection material optionally contains a hot melt polymer and a wax-like substance, such as paraffin.

Abstract: A method for correcting measuring values when measuring liquid scintillation samples deposited on sample plates by a photodetector which will be affected by scintillation photons from other samples in the plate in addition to the sample being measured. Said correction is done by pre-determining affection of the other samples of the plate as a function of quench level and correcting observed measuring values using this function.

Abstract: The invention relates a sample changer mechanism for radioactive samples in gamma counter for use in mass survey comprising two or more well-type detectors (56). The changer mechanism comprises a lifting device (40) for the simultaneous moving several samples (10) from the transfer unit (60) to the measuring unit (50) which includes a detector for each simultaneously measured sample.According to the invention the detectors (56) in the measuring unit (50) are on the same horizontal plane and are situated in at least two rows placed at intervals so that samples (10) need to be moved in the horizontal plane in one direction only without deviating in lateral direction i.e. the distance of the detectors from each other in the transverse direction, relatively to the transfer movement, equals the distance of the sample containers (17) from each other in the cassette (11).

Abstract: A chelate formed between Eu.sup.3+, Tb.sup.3+, Dy.sup.3+ and Sm.sup.3+ and a compound having the formula ##STR1## where A.sub.1-6 are single carbon or nitrogen atoms; n=1 or 2; R.sub.1-6 is nothing when A is a nitrogen, and hydrogen or an organic group when A is a carbon; Z and Z' are selected among --N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COO.sup.-).sub.2, --N(CH.sub.2 COO.sup.-).sub.2, --N(CH.sub.2 OPO.sub.3.sup.2-).sub.2 and --N(CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3.sup.2-).sub.2 ;--species that --X--Y is a substituent replacing a hydrogen anywhere in the parent compound; and --X--Y represents an organic group containing no chelating heteroatom closer than four atoms from a chelating heteroatom in the parent compound and X is a stable bridge containing certain groups and Y is selected from (a) specified relative groups allowing coupling to other compounds and (b) residues of compounds participating in biospecific affinity reactions.

Abstract: The invention pertains to terpyridine compounds having structure (I). These compounds form fluorescent lanthanide chelates with the appropriate metal ions. The fluorescent metal chelates are useful as probes in time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for performing liquid scintillation counting by the liquid scintillation counter that measures radioactive samples on a measurement support, such as a filter plate or alike, which has the sample associated therein. According to the method, the detection material, such as scintillator, is added to the measurement support before the measurement. The method according to the invention is characterized by adding detection material, such as scintillator, in melted form into the measurement support and performing the measurement after the detection material has solidified. On the filter plate is added for instance a mixture of paraffin and scintillator. One component in the detection material can be plastic scintillator.

Abstract: A multipurpose gamma counter enabling measurement of one sample at a time or alternatively two or more samples at a time and a method for sample handling in gamma measuring. The gamma counter is characterized in that the measuring unit and/or the grip unit for the sample containers are fully or partly formed of replaceable modules so that one or more necessary modular units can be fitted on the gamma counter depending on the measuring method in use at each time. The method is characterized in that, if the samples are research samples, they are measured one at a time in the detector of the research measuring chamber module and, if the samples are RIA samples, they are measured in the first place at least two at a time in the detector of the RIA measuring chamber module.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for the evaluation of sample activities in multidetector liquid scintillation counters. According to the invention the memory of said apparatus is provided with a theoretically derived model for each isotope between the counting efficiencies and the quench levels. In addition at least one standard is measured in each detector in order to establish relationships between said theoretical model and each detector. The activities of an unknown sample is evaluated by utilizing said theoretical model and said relationship.