Abstract: A photodiode having an antireflection coating for use in optical measuring devices has its antireflection coating so selected that it provides in a predetermined wavelength range an approximately constant conversion factor. The conversion of the fight power to an electrical signal is thus substantially independent of wavelength over this wavelength range.

Abstract: A method for data or measured value averaging and compression for measuring instruments, particularly for spectral analyzers, in which in successive measuring runs with respect to measuring intervals minimum and maximum values and their precise position are determined and used for averaging taking account of the values determined at the same locations during further measuring runs. By means of a measured value or data determination dependent on the position of the fixed minimum and maximum values, it is ensured that an effective noise averaging and a reliable detection of narrow pulses are made possible.

Abstract: A method of and a circuit arrangement for detecting synchronization of two word sequences between a measurement signal and a reference signal. The signals are applied to an exclusive OR-gate comparator whose output produces an error signal which is compared with an error signal shifted by one period. This comparison is effected by an exclusive OR-gate and in the case of coincidence, indicating that the measurement and reference signals are phase-shifted, a new synchronization is enabled. The output of the exclusive OR-gate is an error signal which is time-shifted in a shift register and multiplexer so that the time shifted bit sequence is compared with the bit sequence of the first error signal in a second exclusive OR-gate which is connected to an AND-gate for detecting coincidence and generating a further synchronization signal which is processed through counters, another AND-gate and a flip-flop to produce the synchronization signal which is applied to the reference pattern generated.

Abstract: An adjustable impedance-correcting delay line adapted to form a standard line for providing an adjustable group delay time for measurement purposes or the like in which a plurality of different delay networks including coaxial segments of different lengths with or without damping compensating amplifiers can be selectively connected in the cascade or shunted. A bridge circuit can be provided with fundamental damping and delay time for bridging with the standard delay line where difference measurements are of interest.