Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions utilizing upper-airway microbiota for diagnosing individuals at risk for asthma exacerbations. Further provided herein are probiotic compositions and methods for treating asthma by administering microorganisms that are associated with decreased risk of asthma exacerbations.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a device may generally comprise a capillary having a first end and a second end; a laser to emit energy at a sample in the capillary to ablate the sample and generate an ablation plume in the capillary; an electrospray apparatus to generate an electrospray plume to intercept the ablation plume to produce ions; and a mass spectrometer having an ion transfer inlet to capture the ions. The ablation plume may comprise a collimated ablation plume. The device may comprise a flow cytometer. Methods of making and using the same are also described.

Abstract: A non-invasive method for the determination of oxidative stress in a patient by urinalysis is disclosed. The method comprises quantifying the level of o,o'-dityrosine in a sample of the urine of said patient and comparing with the corresponding level of said compound in a normal or control sample, whereby a substantially elevated level of said o,o'-dityrosine is indicative of oxidative stress in said patient.