Abstract: An optical product can be configured to be an anti-counterfeit feature such as a patch, a window, or a thread on a banknote. The optical product can be configured, when illuminated, to reproduce by reflected or refracted light, a 3D image of at least a part of a 3D object. The optical product can include a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The second surface can include a plurality of portions. Each portion can correspond to a point on a surface of the 3D object. Each portion can include features corresponding to non-holographic elements on the optical product. A gradient in the features can correlate to an inclination of the surface of the 3D object at the corresponding point. An orientation of the features can correlate to an orientation of the surface of the 3D object at the corresponding point.

Abstract: An optical device includes an array of lenses and a plurality of first and second segments disposed under the array of lenses. At a first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents a first image for viewing without presenting the second image for viewing, and at a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents for viewing the second image without presenting the first image for viewing. In some examples, individual ones of the first and second segments can comprise specular reflecting, transparent, diffusely reflecting, and/or diffusely transmissive features. In some examples, individual ones of the first and second segments can comprise transparent and non-transparent regions. Some examples can incorporate more than one region producing an optical effect.

Abstract: A document, product, or package, such as a banknote, passport or the like comprises structures having dichroic effects that change color with viewing angle in both transmission and reflection. Such structures can be useful as security features that counter the ability to effectively use counterfeit documents, products, packages, etc.

Abstract: A document, product, or package, such as a banknote, passport or the like comprises structures having dichroic effects that change color with viewing angle in both transmission and reflection. Such structures can be useful as security features that counter the ability to effectively use counterfeit documents, products, packages, etc.

Abstract: A security device includes an array of lenses and a plurality of first and second segments disposed under the array of lenses. At a first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents a first image for viewing without presenting the second image for viewing, and at a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents for viewing the second image without presenting the first image for viewing. At least one first or second segment can include one or more microstructures or one or more nanostructures configured to produce one or more colors for the first or second image.

Abstract: An optical product can reproduce a first 3D image of at least part of a first 3D object and a second 3D image of at least part of a second 3D object. The optical product comprises a surface configured, when illuminated, to reproduce by reflected or transmitted light, the first 3D image without reproducing the second 3D image at a first angle of view, and the second 3D image without reproducing the first 3D image at a second angle of view. Each portion of first portions can correspond to a point on a surface of the first 3D object, and comprise first non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of the first 3D image. Each portion of second portions can correspond to a point on a surface of the second 3D object, and comprise second non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of the second 3D image.

Abstract: An optical device includes an array of lenses and a plurality of segments disposed under the array of lenses. The plurality of segments corresponds to a plurality of images. Upon tilting the device at different viewing angle, the array of lenses presents images sequentially. In some examples, individual ones of the segments can comprise specular reflecting, transparent, diffusely reflecting, and/or diffusely transmissive features. In some examples, individual ones of the segments can comprise transparent and non-transparent regions. Some examples can incorporate more than one region producing an optical effect.

Abstract: A document, product, or package, such as a banknote, passport or the like comprises structures having dichroic effects that change color with viewing angle in both transmission and reflection. Such structures can be useful as security features that counter the ability to effectively use counterfeit documents, products, packages, etc.

Abstract: An optical device includes an array of lenses and a plurality of first and second segments disposed under the array of lenses. At a first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents a first image for viewing without presenting the second image for viewing, and at a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents for viewing the second image without presenting the first image for viewing. In some examples, individual ones of the first and second segments can comprise specular reflecting, transparent, diffusely reflecting, and/or diffusely transmissive features. In some examples, individual ones of the first and second segments can comprise transparent and non-transparent regions. Some examples can incorporate more than one region producing an optical effect.

Abstract: An optical product can be configured to be an anti-counterfeit feature such as a patch, a window, or a thread on a banknote. The optical product can be configured, when illuminated, to reproduce by reflected or refracted light, a 3D image of at least a part of a 3D object. The optical product can include a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The second surface can include a plurality of portions. Each portion can correspond to a point on a surface of the 3D object. Each portion can include features corresponding to non-holographic elements on the optical product. A gradient in the features can correlate to an inclination of the surface of the 3D object at the corresponding point. An orientation of the features can correlate to an orientation of the surface of the 3D object at the corresponding point.

Abstract: A security device includes an array of lenses and a plurality of first and second segments disposed under the array of lenses. At a first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents a first image for viewing without presenting the second image for viewing, and at a second viewing angle different from the first viewing angle, the array of lenses presents for viewing the second image without presenting the first image for viewing. At least one first or second segment can include one or more microstructures or one or more nanostructures configured to produce one or more colors for the first or second image.

Abstract: A document, product, or package, such as a banknote, passport or the like comprises structures having dichroic effects that change color with viewing angle in both transmission and reflection. Such structures can be useful as security features that counter the ability to effectively use counterfeit documents, products, packages, etc.

Abstract: Ultra thin Fresnel lenses and methods of forming the same are described herein. An optical element comprising an ultra thin Fresnel lens includes a plurality of Fresnel elements formed on a surface of a substrate. Each of the plurality of Fresnel surface elements has an angled facet portion and a shallow or substantially horizontal portion. The Fresnel surface elements can be formed, for example, by a hot stamp or cold transfer method.

Abstract: An optical product can reproduce a first 3D image of at least part of a first 3D object and a second 3D image of at least part of a second 3D object. The optical product comprises a surface configured, when illuminated, to reproduce by reflected or transmitted light, the first 3D image without reproducing the second 3D image at a first angle of view, and the second 3D image without reproducing the first 3D image at a second angle of view. Each portion of first portions can correspond to a point on a surface of the first 3D object, and comprise first non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of the first 3D image. Each portion of second portions can correspond to a point on a surface of the second 3D object, and comprise second non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of the second 3D image.

Abstract: Implementations disclosed herein include optical sheets comprising one or more regions including one or more optical elements. Each of the one or more optical elements includes a plurality of microstructures. The one or more optical elements can be configured to tailor the radiation pattern output from a source of illumination. The one or more optical element can be further configured to impart a visual appearance to the optical sheet that is different from a standard lenticular or prismatic sheet. In various implementations, the one or more regions can be demarcated from each other or the surrounding by borders. The borders of the one or more regions can be configured to form one or more letters, one or more symbols or logos for identification and/or security purposes. Various implementations of the optical sheet can include nano-particles in addition to the optical elements to enhance the aesthetic quality of the optical film.

Abstract: A method for determining along relatively uniformly spaced apart parallel first and second wellbores situated in an underground hydrocarbon-containing formation, regions within the formation, including in particular regions between such wellbores, to inject a fluid at a pressure above formation dilation pressure, to stimulate production of oil into the second of the two wellbores, and subsequently injecting fluid at pressures above formation dilation pressures at the discrete regions along such wellbores determined to be in need. An initial information-gathering procedure is conducted, wherein fluid is supplied under a pressure less than formation dilation or fracture pressure, to discrete intervals along a first wellbore, and sensors in the second wellbore measure and data is recorded regarding the ease of penetration of such fluid into the various regions of the formation intermediate the two wellbores.

Abstract: A method for determining along a length of a wellbore situated in an underground hydrocarbon-containing formation, regions within the formation to inject a fluid at a pressure above formation dilation pressure, to stimulate production of oil into the wellbore. An initial information-gathering procedure is conducted prior to formation dilation/fracturing, wherein fluid is supplied under a pressure less than formation dilation or fracture pressure, to discrete intervals along the wellbore, and sensors measure and data is recorded regarding the ease of penetration of such fluid into the various regions of the formation. Regions of the formation exhibiting poor ease of fluid penetration or regions of higher oil saturation, are thereafter selected for subsequent stimulation or dilation, at pressures above formation dilation pressures. Where initial fluid pressures and/or formation dilation pressures are provided in cyclic pulses, a downhole tool is disclosed for such purpose.

Abstract: Polarization preserving projection screens provide optimum polarization preservation for 3D viewing. The projection screens additionally provide improved light control for enhanced brightness, uniformity, and contrast for both 2D and 3D systems. Generally, the disclosed method for providing a projection screen comprises embossing at least a first side of a first substrate to produce an optically functional material and then cutting the optically functional material into pieces to produce a plurality of engineered particles. The plurality of engineered particles may then be deposited on a second substrate to produce a substantially homogeneous optical appearance of the projection screen.

Abstract: A method is taught for applying vacuum pulses to enhance multiphase vacuum extraction of vapours and liquids from contaminated subsurface wells. The method involves first initiating continuous multiphase vacuum extraction from the subsurface well. Then one or more short vacuum pulses are imparted to the subsurface environment, to momentarily interrupt flow of vapours and liquids in the subsurface well. Time is allowed for a vacuum to build up in the extraction apparatus; and then the vacuum build up is rapidly released to momentarily increase velocity of vapours and liquids being extracted from the subsurface well. A device is further taught for imparting vacuum pulses to enhance multiphase extraction from contaminated subsurface wells, comprising a vacuum pulse tool having an inlet in fluid communication with the subsurface well and an outlet and one or more multiphase extraction vacuum pumps, connected to the outlet of the vacuum pulse tool.

Abstract: Polarization preserving projection screens provide optimum polarization preservation for 3D viewing. The projection screens additionally provide improved light control for enhanced brightness, uniformity, and contrast for both 2D and 3D systems. Generally, the disclosed method for providing a projection screen comprises embossing at least a first side of a first substrate to produce an optically functional material and then cutting the optically functional material into pieces to produce a plurality of engineered particles. The plurality of engineered particles may then be deposited on a second substrate to produce a substantially homogeneous optical appearance of the projection screen.