Abstract: An apparatus for in-line cropping and/or chamfering of a plastic tube. The apparatus includes pressure rollers for deforming a tube section and cutting devices to perform the cropping and/or chamfering operation. The control of movement of the pressure rollers and cutting devices is carried out by a combination of a face cam and a rotor disc; the face cam and rotor disc have the same diameter and may be given rotary speeds which are related to each other in any desired way. Control is carried out preferably by use of an interference box.

Abstract: Described is an inner tube element for use in a double tube device for taking soil samples during drilling operation (coring), the inner tube element comprising distinguishable end parts which are connected by a tube member of fiber reinforced plastic. According to the invention such tube member is provided with an orientation marking over its whole length and at least covered by a thin layer of plastic. An attractive embodiment of such marking are parallel lines of different color. Also is described a method for producing an inner tube element by forming a tube member between two differing end parts by winding fiber material which is impregnated with hardenable synthetic resin and hardening the tube member then formed. According to the invention a material in strip form and bearing an appropriate orientation marking is incorporated during the forming of such tube member.

Abstract: The connecting end on a coupling sleeve has an annular flange which may be hoved to urge compression stress to an annular deformable sealing ring to establish a seal between the main pipe and coupling sleeve. A stop part flange is positioned to one side of a sealing couple and which may assume a fixed position relative to the wall of the main pipe against which the stop part rests. Pivoted link stretching elements on the coupling sleeve move the insertion end of the branch pipe outwards relative to the wall of the main pipe and provides structure for exerting a compression stress against the resilient sealing ring to effect a seal between the coupling and main pipe.

Abstract: A metallic coating is applied to threaded sections on the ends of plastic pipes that are to be forcefully screwed together. Droplets of a metal or metallic alloy are sprayed against the threaded sections at a high velocity, at a selectable angle of impingement, and within a zone of impingement. During the spraying, the pipe is turned and also moved relative to the zone of impingement in a longitudinal direction of the pipe. The resulting metallic coating on the pipes, beneficially, is porous so that such coating may contain lubricant, for instance. The apparatus for carrying out the spraying method includes a rotable pipe-holding device, and an arc metal spray unit having a nozzle whose direction of emission is adjustable.

Abstract: A continuously conveyed tubular plastic foil is perforated by a laser beam which is focused by a mirror or lens on the perforation forming plane, lying at the focal point of the mirror or lens, of a tautly conveyed tubular plastic foil. For taut conveyance of the tubular foil it is guided over a support placed in the tubular foil, or over supporting plates, lying outside the tubular foil and provided with a foil suction device and with laser beam transmission apertures. The slightly tapering perforations with a minimum aperture at the inside of the tubular foil form, on the one hand, a pattern of parallel lines running in the lengthwise direction and, on the other hand, a pattern of parallel lines which run at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the flattened tubular foil. A bag can be formed from the tubular foil.

Abstract: A plastic pipe consisting of an outer corrugated plastic pipe and an inner smooth wall consisting of a wear resistant elastomer, particularly a thermoplastic rubber fixed in the inner bottoms wave valleys to said outer corrugated pipe. The inner wall consists of a pipe which has been coextruded with the outer corrugated pipe so that the inner and outer pipe are heat welded to each other.The cavities between the inner pipe and the corrugations may be filled with a foam plastic.This plastic pipe is used for repairing or renewing a sewage pipe by installing such a pipe from a vertical shaft of the sewage system into the sewage pipes. The interstices between the outer side of the corrugations and the inner side of the sewage pipe may be filled with a mortar.

Abstract: An effluent treatment system 1, 70, 80 for treating effluent which has passed through a primary treatment step such as a septic tank 50 comprises a container 5 having inlets 7 for effluent and outlets 8 for filtered effluent. The container 5 contains a biological treatment medium 41 comprising a homogeneous mixture of young Sphagnum peat and an organic peat fibre. The medium 41 is covered by a layer 40 of peat fibre for distributing the effluent and another layer 44 of peat fibre is provided below the medium 41 to induce flow of treated effluent to the outlets 34.

Abstract: A device 12 is provided for hangingly supporting a rainwater gutter 10 which has inturned top edges 20, 22. The device comprises a bracket 24 and a support member 42 pivotally attached thereto. The support member has opposite ends 48 which locate under the inturned top edges of the gutter when the member is pivoted to a predetermined position relative to the bracket.

Abstract: A waste pipe system of an injection moulded or extruded pipe part of thermoplastic material with soundproofing properties having a weight per unit area of at least 8 kg/m.sup.2. The weight per unit area is adjusted by incorporating a filler in the plastic, preferably barium sulphate is used as such a filler. The density of the plastic pipe part is comprised between 1.8 and 2.7, preferably between 1.8 and 2.0 g/cm.sup.3.Suitable thermoplastic materials are PVC, polyolefins and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) copolymer, particularly PVC or polypropylene.The plastic pipe part may also be a socket or a double sided socket.

Abstract: Injection-moulded plastic lid for a container having a first container upper rim part (15) which divergently adjoins the inner wall and which adjoins, via a sharp upper rim (28), an outwardly directed, downwardly sloping second container upper rim part (16) terminating in a downwardly directly apron (17) situated at a distance from the container wall. The plastic lid (2) comprises a first lid inside rim part (11) engaging said first container upper rim part, which first lid inside rim part merges, via a lid top inside rim (12) into a downwardly sloping second lid inside rim part (4) engaging said second container upper rim part (16). A circumferential chamber (29) is provided in said second lid inside rim part (4).

Abstract: A plastic pipe consisting of an outer corrugated plastic pipe and an inner smooth wall consisting of a wear resistant elastomer, particularly a thermoplastic rubber fixed in the inner bottoms wave valley to said outer corrugated pipe. The inner wall consists of a pipe which has been coextruded with the outer corrugated pipe so that the inner and outer pipe are heat welded to each other.The cavities between the inner pipe and the corrugations may be filled with a foam plastic.This plastic pipe is used for repairing or renewing a sewage pipe by installing such a pipe from a vertical shaft of the sewage system into the sewage pipes. The interstices between the outer side of the corrugations and the inner side of the sewage pipe may be filled with a mortar.

Abstract: Welding sleeve comprising electrically conductive material embedded in the thermoplastic material of the wall of said sleeve.In a sleeve at least two connecting means are present which each comprise at least two metal parts which can cooperate in clamping contact with the electrically conductive material.One metal part is inserted from the inside of the sleeve and one part from the outside; appropriate coaxial bores being present to allow passage of a pin on the lower part and the body of the upper part.Upon mounting the upper part and lower part are connected with use of a force; the electrically conductive material is clampingly contacted.The invention also relates to a method for forming a welding sleeve according to the invention and to an equipment for use in carrying out such a method.

Abstract: A flange made of fiber-reinforced thermosetting synthetic resin comprises at least one flange section extending in an axial direction, which is fitted, or can be fitted, on a tubular part to be provided with a flange. The flange section joins the inside face of the flange which, together with an outside face of the flange, defines the flange. The flange has several fibre-reinforcement layers laid around each other and extending in an axial direction, and which are spirally wound up. The flange section extending in the axial direction also consists of fibre-reinforcement layers and thermosetting synthetic resin. In the region of the angular intersection between the inside face of the flange and the flange section extending in the axial direction, there is situated a reinforcement layer which prevents crack formation and which extends from the inside face of the flange to the flange section extending in the axial direction.

Abstract: A pipe of thermoplastic polymer, e.g. polyvinylchloride is extruded by an extruder comprising an extrusion die (2) having a moulding end part (2a) with heating elements (11) located about said end part. The wall thickness of the pipe is controlled in order to obtain a pipe of a substantially even wall thickness. For said control the wall thickness of the extruded pipe is measured at 360 points equally distributed over the circumference and moreover the average is determined in eight measuring sectors comprising 45 measuring points per sector. The average of the measuring values of one measuring sector is compared with the circumferential average of the 360 points, the deviation of the desired wall thickness in said one sector being counter balanced by the action of the heating elements. In a preferred embodiment a polyvinylchloride pipe obtained by means of a two screw extruder presents an even wall thickness over the circumference.

Abstract: A web of interconnected plastic bags with gusset folds. Each bag is provided with first fold part seals (8, 9, 10, 11) and with second fold part seals (13, 14, 15, 16). Additional seals (36) extend parallel to fold edges of the foil and are connected with subsequent first and second fold part seals. The additional seals (30) are in the region between inner (4, 4a) and other (2, 3 and 2a, 3a) fold edges.

Abstract: A device for measuring the wall thickness of an extruded tube by means of ultrasonic pulses comprises a tube wall thickness measuring instrument being rotatable about the circumference of the tube and being connected to an arm extending in a plane perpendicular to the tube. The arm is hingedly connected in said plane to a ring perpendicular to the axis of the tube and concentrically about the tube. The arm bears a weight outside said ring. An adjustable pressure element, such as a spring or preferably a two way operable air cylinder, acts upon the arm.The measuring element may engage two supporting faces, the angle between the supporting faces being adjustable.Furthermore a detachable fixing element, such as a magnet, engages the arm so that the arm can be disconnected from the magnet and may be moved from the plane perpendicular to the tube.The wall thickness is measured only by means of one echo coming from the inner wall of the tube when an ultrasonic pulse emitted by the device hits said wall.

Abstract: A plastic pipe consisting of an outer corrugated plastic pipe and an inner smooth wall consisting of a wear resistant elastomer, particularly a thermoplastic rubber fixed in the inner bottoms wave valleys to said outer corrugated pipe. The inner wall consists of a pipe which has been coextruded with the outer corrugated pipe so that the inner and outer pipe are heat welded to each other.The cavities between the inner pipe and the corrugations may be filled with a foam plastic.This plastic pipe is used for repairing or renewing a sewage pipe by installing such a pipe from a vertical shaft of the sewage system into the sewage pipes. The interstices between the outer side of the corrugation and the inner side of the sewage pipe may be filled with a mortar.

Abstract: A plastic bag of polyolefin material such as polyethylene, for packaging materials, comprising particles of less than 50 .mu.m, and a closed bag containing such materials and a foil material for such a bag.The foil wall of the bag is provided with venting apertures with smooth edges, obtained by laser radiation, having a maximum size of 50-100 .mu.m; the distance between the venting perforations is such that the tensile strength of the foil is substantially the same as the tensile strength of the similar non-perforated foil.In a low density polyethylene foil of a thickness of 130-190 .mu.m distance between the perforations of 80 .mu.m is more than 20 mm, in a linear low density polyethylene foil of about 50-110 .mu.m the perforation distance is at least 5 mm.The bag may consist of two perforated foil layers, the perforations being staggered with respect to each other.

Abstract: A container or package filled with perishable food materials is closed by a cover presenting a vent hole and the assembly is subjected to sterilization or pasteurization. Thereafter the vent hole is closed by means of a hot melt having a melting point lower than the highest temperature during sterilization or pasteurization. Preferably the hot melt is applied before sterilization or pasteurization and provided with a perforation joining the vent hole. The hot melt may contain a rounded rigid body not melting at the highest sterilization or pasteurization temperature and being able to seal the vent hole, such as a glass bead.After cooling the closed container is under a subatmospheric pressure.The container may be of plastics or glass and the cover may be of plastics or plastic coated metal foil, in such a case the plastic coating has a melting point being higher than the melting point of the hot melt.