Abstract: A method of reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during system startup of a power generating system may include igniting a combustion turbine thereby generating exhaust, supplying the exhaust to a catalyst bed comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, injecting an initial pulse of ammonia into the exhaust during a storage period such that the NOx reacts with the ammonia and is stored in the catalyst bed as ammonium nitrate (AN) during the storage period; and injecting a scheduled amount of ammonia into the exhaust during a transition period such that the stored AN is decomposed as temperatures increase and NOx is converted via standard and fast SCR reactions during the transition period.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an energy storage system for a hybrid energy system including a an energy storage device configured coupled to an inverter and controlled by a hybrid management system. The hybrid management system may be configured to use energy from the energy storage device to supplement power output of a power generation system to comply with a contract schedule of electric power output by the hybrid energy system. The hybrid management system may be configured to satisfy stable loads of an industrial application with the power generation system and to meet load swings of the industrial application with power output from the storage device. The hybrid management system may be configured to respond to an increasing desired load transient event by disclosing stored energy to follows a ramping profile that substantially matches a gas-turbine alone ramp rate of a gas turbine generator operating in a spinning reserve mode.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a hybrid energy system that includes a gas-turbine generator (GTG), an energy storage device configured to store energy that is coupled to an inverter, with the GTG and energy storage device coupled to a low side of a step-up transformer, and methods of operating such hybrid energy systems to meet power output contract requirements or provide power for industrial power applications that exhibit load swings. Some methods of operation include controlling power output from and charging of the storage device so as to satisfy a contract schedule of electric power output. Some methods of operation include discharging a portion of stored energy of the energy storage device to satisfy swing loads of the industrial application and charging the energy storage device by the GTG between swing loads.

Abstract: A hybrid energy system includes a (GTG) configured to provide a full-load power output and a storage device configured to store energy. The hybrid energy system includes a generator step-up transformer, wherein the GTG and the storage device are electrically co-located on a low side of the generator step-up transformer.

Abstract: A method of reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during system startup of a power generating system may include igniting a combustion turbine thereby generating exhaust, supplying the exhaust to a catalyst bed comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, injecting an initial pulse of ammonia into the exhaust during a storage period such that the NOx reacts with the ammonia and is stored in the catalyst bed as ammonium nitrate (AN) during the storage period; and injecting a scheduled amount of ammonia into the exhaust during a transition period such that the stored AN is decomposed as temperatures increase and NOx is converted via standard and fast SCR reactions during the transition period.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a hybrid energy system that includes a combined cycle gas-turbine (CCGT) generator system configured to provide a up to a full-load power output and an energy storage device configured to store energy, and methods of operating such hybrid energy systems. A hybrid energy system includes a CCGT generator system configured to provide up to a full-load power output and a storage device for storing electric energy. The hybrid energy system includes a generator step-up transformer, in which the turbine generator, steam turbine generator and the storage device are electrically co-located on a low side of the step-up transformer. Methods of operation include controlling power output from the storage device and/or the CCGT system so that total power output by the CCGT system exhibits responses to up-power and down-power demand transients as if the system were a gas turbine-only power system.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a hybrid energy system that includes a combined cycle gas-turbine (CCGT) generator system configured to provide a up to a full-load power output and an energy storage device configured to store energy, and methods of operating such hybrid energy systems. A hybrid energy system includes a combined cycle gas turbine generator system configured to provide up to a full-load power output and a storage device for storing electric energy. The hybrid energy system includes a generator step-up transformer, in which the turbine generator, steam turbine generator and the storage device are electrically co-located on a low side of the step-up transformer. Methods of operation include controlling power output from the storage device and/or the CCGT to function as a spinning reserve during scheduled and unscheduled grid power demands to achieve economic and environmental performance advantages, and maintaining a charge state in the storage device.

Abstract: A system for providing location specific load-modifying demand response (DR) and methods for making and using same. The system advantageously can manage load on individual distribution level power circuits. Information regarding forecasted and real-time loading of individual distribution level power circuits is provided to a DR Locational Application. The DR Locational Application leverages the ability of smart devices containing real-time locational functionality, such as global positioning system, to either indicate to the consumer when it is appropriate to consume power, or automatically control the energy consumption, of the smart device along with any other loads that are verified by the smart device to be in the same location. The DR Locational Application can inform the consumer, the DR Aggregator or Crowd-Source Organization, and the distribution operator of the energy consumption sum of the response for each of its distribution level circuits.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a hybrid energy system that includes a gas-turbine generator configured to provide a up to a full-load power output and an energy storage device configured to store energy, and methods of operating such hybrid energy systems. A hybrid energy system includes a gas turbine generator or combined cycle gas turbine generator system configured to provide up to a full-load power output and a storage device for storing electric energy. The hybrid energy system includes a generator step-up transformer, in which the turbine generator and the storage device are electrically co-located on a low side of the step-up transformer. Methods of operation include controlling power output from the storage device and/or the gas-turbine generator to function as a spinning reserve during scheduled and unscheduled grid power demands to achieve economic and environmental performance advantages, and maintaining a charge state in the storage device.