Abstract: In an optical pattern tracer which uses sample and hold circuits for signal processing filtering of the signal to reduce undershoot can be attained by manipulation of the sample and hold processing circuits. The present application varies the holding capacitor to produce a varied low pass filter effect.

Abstract: A bus duct joint comprising a plurality of conductive links for joining the buses, a plurality of intervening insulators and a single pressure providing bolt passing through the links and the insulators and between the ends of the buses being joined to provide substantially uniform pressure on the surfaces of the buses. The intervening insulators align and retain the conductive links and locate the joint with respect to the buses.

Abstract: In an optical line tracer sudden changes of velocity can cause instability and vibration. Means are provided to limit acceleration or deceleration to a specific rate of change. Speed change signals are processed through a ramp circuit which converts the step function signal to a ramp function before application.

Abstract: In a busbar arrangement for a switchgear assembly where the load buses pass through apertures in riser supply buses the load buses are supported by the supply buses by insulating grommet blocks occupying the space between the load buses and the inner edges of the apertures. The grommet blocks are held in place by sleeves on the load buses.

Abstract: A cast iron or steel heat transfer member is used in network protectors to provide optimum cooling while avoiding prior corrosion problems.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power distribution arrangement in a large metal enclosed switchgear assembly. Electric current is carried from a source to a group of circuit breakers in the switchgear enclosure by means of two separate sets of bus bars to produce a ring bus effect. Vertical bus is connected to the source bus to carry power to the line side of the circuit breakers in the assembly. The load conductor of each circuit breaker returns via an aperture in the line bus and passes therethrough, but does not contact the line bus. Both sets of bus feeding the circuit breakers are mounted so as to have their major surfaces parallel.

Abstract: In an optical pattern follower, of the rotating scanning type, in which co-ordinated drive signals are produced by sampling two co-ordinate sinusoids, an adjustable kerf off-set is provided by selectably delaying the sampling pulse.

Abstract: In a circular scanning pattern tracing system, a dual scanning pattern is provided to detect pattern changes in advance of the system steering axis. Pattern detection pulses from both the scanning patterns are adjustable in length and the overlap of the pulses is used to determine whether the system should slow down.

Abstract: In a circular scanning pattern tracing system having a sample and hold circuit, the width of the sample pulse is made adjustable. This variable width is equivalent to a variable low pass filter in the system. The effective cut off frequency of the filter is made dependent on the system tangential tracing velocity.

Abstract: The present invention applies to a circular scanning optical pattern tracer of the non-steering type. The scanner includes the normal circular scanning mirror and sensor and in addition a further circular scanning mirror and sensor to produce a scan of greater diameter than the normal scan. The signal from the second scan is used to indicate rapid changes of direction of the pattern by gating the produced signal through a gate produced from the normal scan.

Abstract: An optical pattern follower uses a photo matrix to scan a pattern. The scan pattern is determined by generating a series of point addresses storing such addresses and interrogating the matrix only when the point address in the matrix being scanned corresponds to an address in the store. The resulting signals are processed to produce direction velocity signals which cause the follower to follow the pattern at a predetermined tangential velocity.

Abstract: A dynamoelectric machine includes a plurality of groups of assembled laminations, each having two opposed end walls with at least one of the end walls incuding a plurality of locating recesses and spacer engaging tabs. The groups of laminations are secured within the machine between two end clamps. A plurality of spacers securable between adjacent ones of the groups and between the groups and the clamps provides air vents within the machine. Each of the spacers includes a keying arm portion engagable with one of the locating recesses to position the spacer relative to one end wall. The spacer engaging tabs abut the spacers, when so positioned by the locating recesses, to prevent adverse vibrational movement of the spacers during machine operation.

Abstract: Protective relay apparatus for detecting the direction or distance to a fault from the measuring point on an ac electrical power transmission line using current and voltage deviation signals. The deviation signals represent the changes induced by the fault from the steady-state pre-fault magnitudes. Trajectories are plotted on an X-Y plane using the voltage deviation signal as the X-axis coordinate and the differentiated current deviation signal multiplied by the line reactance to the balance point as the Y-axis coordinate. Due to the use of the differentiated current deviation signal, the trajectories are straight lines. The threshold boundaries for determining the distance to or direction of the fault are time-varying lines of unit slope representing the pre-fault voltage at the fault point.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrical cable useful in large power transformers and reactors. The cable is composed of a plurality of separate ropes which are generally of the same size and configuration which may be combined in accordance with a predetermined plan to form a complete cable.

Abstract: An optical pattern tracer is disclosed, of the circular scanning type. The interception of the pattern by the scan produces electrical outputs which are reduced to numerical values representative of their time of occurrence with reference to the scanning circle. The numbers derived and the nature of the signal generated are then processed to indicate the direction of the pattern, presence or absence of command marks and combined with other reference inputs, such as kerf and direction of tracing used to control a drive mechanism to move the tracer around the pattern.

Abstract: Protective relay apparatus and methods for detecting direction to a fault from a measuring point on an A.C. electrical power transmission line using current and voltage deviation signals which may include traveling wave transients, and for providing both directional and distance information from the same signals after traveling wave transients have been removed. Fault generated current and voltage deviations from the steady-state, prefault magnitudes are used to generate trajectories in one embodiment by differentiating the current deviation and using it as one coordinate, and by using the voltage deviation as the other coordinate. A forward fault produces a straight line trajectory which crosses the origin between the second and fourth quadrants, and the reverse direction fault produces a straight line trajectory which crosses the origin between the first and third quadrants.

Abstract: A digital sonar system including a redundant receiver channel is arranged to operate substantially simultaneously in both F.M. and C.W. modes. Upon failure of one receiver channel the system reverts to a single mode or alternate modes on alternate cycles.

Abstract: There is described a digital sonar receiver having a novel beamformer, own doppler nullifier (O.D.N.), and adaptive time varied gain controller. The beamformer interrogates a multi-element transducer by utilizing an interleaved sampling scheme which samples the elements in the transducer array sequentially, in such a fashion that continuous, uniformly spaced samples are obtained. The samples are subsequently converted into digital format, weighed and summed. The O.D.N. eliminates the own ship's doppler effect on the beam output signal resulting in a half beam output signal representative of the target doppler. The O.D.N. offsets the frequency of the beam output signal and a digital generated signal representative of the own ship's doppler. The O.D.N. multiplies these two offsetted signals resulting in a signal lying in each of the sum and difference frequency bands for which the signal lying in the difference frequency band corresponds to the target doppler.

Abstract: There is described a digital sonar receiver having a novel beamformer, own doppler nullifier (O.D.N.), and adaptive time varied gain controller. The beamformer interrogates a multi-element transducer by utilizing an interleaved sampling scheme which samples the elements in the transducers array sequentially, in such a fashion that continuous, uniformly spaced samples are obtained. The samples are subsequently converted into digital format, weighed and summed. The O.D.N. eliminates the own ship's doppler effect on the beam output signal resulting in a half beam output signal representative of the target doppler. The O.D.N. offsets the frequency of the beam output signal and a digital generated signal representative of the own ship's doppler. The O.D.N. multiplies these two offsetted signals resulting in a signal lying in each of the sum and difference frequency bands for which the signal lying in the difference frequency band corresponds to the target doppler.

Abstract: The ability to measure the ratio of vapor versus liquid in a nuclear steam generating system is highly desirable, particularly since, during transient events such as rapid depressurization, the vapor may not be in thermal equilibrium with its liquid and its distribution in the liquid may be highly non-uniform. By using a relatively mono-energetic neutron source such as Californium 252, exposing the medium under investigation to the radiation and using a proton recoil detector as an energy discriminating counter one can estimate the ratio of vapor to liquid by measuring the reduction of flux loss due to scattering when the medium includes vapor as well as liquid.