Abstract: Optically active or racemic compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is OA and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of H and OA; where A is H or is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals comprising between 1 and 3 carbon atoms, as well as ##STR2## with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is OA, then R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be bonded together to form the group R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aromatic residues having from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 12, carbon atoms, for example, alkyl, optionally substituted with aromatic residues, and aromatic residues optionally substituted with alkyl radicals; n is an integer from 1 to 4; R.sub.5 is an unbranched alkyl chain comprising from 1 and 3 carbon atoms or a cyclopropylmethyl radical; R.sub.1 is alkoxy, cycloalkoxy and a cyclic ether of the formula ##STR3## where m is an integer from 3 to 5; with the proviso that when R.sub.1 is alkoxy, then R.sub.

Abstract: Optically active or racemic compounds are provided having the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from the group consisting of H and OA with the provision that at least one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is H, that R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are not both OA; A is H or is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals, said hydrocarbyl radicals being further optionally substituted with radicals selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aromatic residues, preferably radicals having between 1 and 12 carbon atoms, including alkyl, alkyl substituted with aryl radicals, and aryl radicals substituted with alkyl radicals; n is an integer between 1 and 4; R.sub.6 is an alkyl chain comprising between 1 and 4 carbon atoms; X is oxygen; and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein Y is as defined in the specification, and a is an integer of from zero to 3.

Abstract: Melatonin compounds are disclosed of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkylene substituted with phenyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, substituted benzyl, naphthylmethyl or taken together with R.sub.2 and the two carbon atoms of the five-membered hetero ring form the group ##STR2## where R.sub.1 ' is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkanoyl and R.sub.1 " is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, amino, nitro, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy or haloalkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, 1-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolyl substituted with one or more alkyl or alkoxy, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --NHR.sub.2 '1, where m is 1 to 3 and R.sub.2 ' is phenyl sulfonyl, the phenyl group optionally substituted with alkyl, or --C(O)--R.sub.2 ", where R.sub.2 " is C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed, wherein R.sub.1, represents secondary alkyl; aralkyl; cycloalkyl; heteroaryl substituted alkyl; norbornyl; and substituted secondary alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl substituted alkyl, norbornyl; and para-substituted phenyl groups; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or pharmacologically acceptable acyl groups. The compounds of the invention are useful as cardiovascular vasodilator or anti-hypertensive agents. The therapeutically useful compounds of the invention as well as similar 5'-N and N-6 substituted adenosine 5'-uronamides are prepared, in accordance with a novel process, from isopropylidene (or otherwise suitably blocked) inosine-5' -uronic acid. Isopropylideneinosine-5' -uronic acid is reacted with a suitable inorganic acid halide, such as thionyl chloride, to yield 6-halogeno-9-[ 2',3' -O-isopropylidene-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-5-uronic acid halide] -9H-purine. This intermediate is reacted with an amine of the general formula R.sub.4,R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel melatonin derivatives, such as 2-aryl substituted N-acetyltryptamines, having pharmacological activity, e.g., melatonin antagonist activity, and methods for the synthesis thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or the group ##STR2## where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, nitro, amino, amino substituted with at least one C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl or phenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 aralkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 heteroaryl wherein said heteroatom is nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur or oxygen, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, or taken together with R.sub.5, forms a chemical bond, and R is a monosaccharide radical selected from the group consisting essentially of glucose, fructose, ribose, 2-deoxyribose, mannose, galactose, xylose and arabinose.

Abstract: Optically active or racemic compounds are provided having the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each selected from the group consisting of H and OH with the provision that at least one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is H, that R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are not both OH; X is oxygen; and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein Z is oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, nitro, cyano, azido, amino, acylamino, carboxyamido, trifluoromethyl, sulfate, sulfonamido, halogen, hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein said heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus and said hydrocarbyl radicals comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a is an integer of from zero to 3. These compounds are capable of binding selectivity of one or more dopamine D.sub.2 receptors, for instance, in humans.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents, including therapeutic agents, through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent a non-toxic, effective, penetrating amount of a membrane penetration enhancer having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X represents sulfur or two hydrogen atoms; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-18 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R" is H or halogen.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating the symptoms of schizophrenia by interacting selectively with presynaptic dopaminergic D.sub.2 receptors without appreciably activating postsynaptic dopamine receptors which comprises administering to a schizophrenic an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting essentially of the stereoisomers of mixtures thereof of compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl and ##STR2## X is oxygen or sulfur, Y, if present, is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, nitro, cyano, azido, amino, acylamino, carboxyamido, trifluoromethyl, sulfate, sulfonamido halogen, hydrocarbyl and hetero atom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein said heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus and said hydrocarbyl radicals comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a is an integer between zero and 3, R.sub.2 is H, R.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically-active agent and a compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X may represent sulfur or two hydrogen atoms; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-18 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R" is H or halogen, in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically-active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal.

Abstract: Certain novel compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## where R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each selected from the group consisting of H and OA; A is H or is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals, e.g. lower alkyl radicals, i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals, e.g. alkyl and aromatic residues; n is 2 or 3; and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of organic radicals having fused aromatic rings, that is, radicals comprising at least two rings that share a pair of carbon atoms or share a carbon and nitrogen atom are useful for inducing a dopaminergic response and reducing the intraocular pressure in a mammal.

Abstract: A method and composition of determining the viability of tissue in a region of an organism having a vascular circulatory system that supplies blood to said region is disclosed. The composition includes the combination of adenosine or an adenosine antagonist in combination with an A.sub.1 adenosine receptor which may be: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or R.sub.2 ; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of endo-2-norbornyl or cyclopentyl; R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amine, carboxy, alkyl radicals having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms, thio sulfonate, sulfonamide, sulfone, sulfoxamide, phenyl, alkyl-substituted amine, and cycloalkyl substituted amine; R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of benzyl, phenyl, alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein said alkyl group can be substituted with oxygen, for instance ethers and alcohols; and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents including therapeutic agents through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals and into the blood stream in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent an effective amount of a membrane penetration enhancer being a carboxylic acid derivative or a salt thereof represented in one embodiment by the general formula ##STR1## wherein W represents oxygen, sulfur, or two hydrogen radicals; wherein Z represents oxygen, sulfur, or --CH.sub.2 --;wherein R represents alkyl optionally substituted with one to three double or triple bonds, --SR'", --OR'", --NHR'", --CH.sub.3, or COOR.sub.1, and wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl;wherein R'" represents alkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, optionally substituted with a phenyl, benzoyl or heterocyclic group;wherein R' represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, --(CH2).sub.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating the symptoms of obesity which comprises administering to a human or other mammal suffering from the symptoms of obesity an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of the optically active compounds especially the (-) negative stereoisomers represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 R.sub.2,R.sub.3,R.sub.4,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are defined by the specification substituted or unsubstituted phenyls, pyridyl, hydroxyphenyl, ##STR2## X is oxygen or sulfur, Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, nitro, cyano, azido, amino, acylamino, carboxyamido, trifluoromethyl, sulfate, sulfonamido, halogen, hydrocarbyl and hetero atom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein said heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus and said hydrocarbyl radicals comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a is an integer of from zero to 3,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically-active agent and a compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X may represent sulfur or two hydrogen atoms; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-18 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R'' is H or halogen, in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically-active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal.

Abstract: Melatonin compounds are disclosed of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkylene substituted with phenyl; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, substituted benzyl, naphthylmethyl or taken together with R.sub.2 and the two carbon atoms of the five-membered hetero ring form the group ##STR2## where R.sub.1 ' is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkanoyl and R.sub.1 " is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, amino, nitro, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy or haloalkyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, 1-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolyl substituted with one or more alkyl or alkoxy, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --NHR.sub.2 '1, where m is 1 to 3 and R.sub.2 ' is phenyl sulfonyl, the phenyl group optionally substituted with alkyl, or --C(O)--R.sub.2 ", where R.sub.2 " is C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents including therapeutic agents through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent an effective amount of a membrane penetration enhancer having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-17 and R is --CH.sub.3 ; wherein R is H or a lower alkyl group, m is 5-7 and n is 0-17.

Abstract: Certain novel compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each selected from the group consisting of H and OA; A is H or is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals, e.g. lower alkyl radicals, i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals, e.g. alkyl and aromatic residues; n is 2 or 3; and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of organic radicals having fused aromatic rings, that is, radicals comprising at least two rings that share a pair of carbon atoms or share a carbon and nitrogen atom are useful for inducing a dopaminergic response and reducing the intraocular pressure in a mammal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents including therapeutic agents through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent an effective amount of a membrane penetration enhancer having the structure formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y, each, may represent sulfur, oxygen or two hydrogen atoms, A is a branched or a straight chain, divalent aliphatic radical having from 0 to 2 double bonds; R' is selected from the group consisting of H, a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl, lower alkyl or halogen substituted phenyl, acetamido, halogen, piperidinyl, lower alkyl or halogen substituted piperidinyl, carbalkoxy, carboxamide, and alkylformyl; m is 3-7; q is 2m-2x, wherein x equals the number of double bonds in the lactam ring and may be 1, 2 or 3, and R is CH.sub.3, ##STR2## or ##STR3## wherein R" is H or halogen.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed having the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group, consisting of radicals represented by the general formulae: ##STR2## wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, and halogen; Z is oxygen, sulfur or --NH, Q is --CH or nitrogen; a is zero or an integer of from one to three; andwherein, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and straight chain, branched and cyclic hydrocarbyl radicals having from one to four carbon atoms, and optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical; andwherein X is two hydrogen atoms or oxygen and B is selected from oxygen and nitrogen, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, with the proviso that when X is two hydrogen atoms, B is oxygen, and with the further proviso that when B is oxygen then R.sub.1 cannot be a phenyl or a substituted phenyl radical. Pharmaceutical preparations using these compounds and a method for inducing an adenosine response mediated by the adenosine A.sub.