Abstract: A bonding washer for making electrical connection between two metal pieces that are to be mechanically fastened together. The washer, to be interposed between the two metal pieces, is constructed so as to fasten to one of the pieces before the two pieces are joined. Teeth on the washer, positioned at right angles to the plane of the washer, are forced into each of the two metal pieces when the fastener is tightened, making electrical connection between the two metal pieces.

Abstract: An insolation survey device consisting of a panoramic head mounted on an additional rotational stage. In operation, the entire assembly can be leveled. The additional rotational stage then allows the panoramic head to be aligned to north without affecting the level. The panoramic head accepts a digital camera as attachment. Pictures taken at intervals can be combined into a panorama and analyzed for shading factor.

Abstract: A disconnect mechanism for an electrical system that is integrated with the enclosure of the system, yet includes an external handle for closing and opening the electrical circuit. The invention utilizes the system's circuit breaker to switch the current on or off, eliminating the need for a separate external disconnect. Moving parts are limited to an external actuating handle connected by a shaft to an actuating arm, which has an opening whose inner edges press against a pin connected to the circuit breaker to trigger its movement between the on and off positions. Automatic tripping of the circuit breaker during a system overload moves the external handle to the off position, furnishing visual evidence of the systems working status. A watertight seal maintains the integrity of the electrical system's enclosure.