Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a processing device includes a heated internal wall and a rotating rod positioned within an interior space formed by the heated internal wall. The rotating rod may be hollow and act as an internal heat exchanger. The processing device also includes a plurality of baffles spaced apart from one another along the rotating rod and extending away from the rotating rod towards the heated internal wall. The processing device also includes at least one wiper or roller coupled to an edge of at least one of the plurality of baffles or porous, packed basket, coupled to the rotating rod and that contacts the heated internal wall while rotating together with the rotating rod. In another embodiment, a processing device may be used to adsorb reactive gases into a liquid phase while heat is exchanged.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a processing device includes a heated internal wall and a rotating rod positioned within an interior space formed by the heated internal wall. The rotating rod may be hollow and act as an internal heat exchanger. The processing device also includes a plurality of baffles spaced apart from one another along the rotating rod and extending away from the rotating rod towards the heated internal wall. The plurality of baffles or porous, packed basket that rotates with the rotating rod that also may be configured to provide cooling relative to the heated internal wall. The processing device also includes at least one wiper or roller coupled to an edge of at least one of the plurality of baffles or porous, packed basket, coupled to the rotating rod and that contacts the heated internal wall while rotating together with the rotating rod. In another embodiment, a processing device may be used to adsorb reactive gases into a liquid phase while heat is exchanged.

Abstract: Reduced toxicity fuels containing hydrocarbons having both strained rings and internal, conjugated triple bonds are disclosed. The fuels described herein are hypergolic with nitrogen tetroxide and/or inhibited red fuming nitric acid.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis and isolation of phytosterol esters is described, wherein an alkali metal borohydride is used to reductively bleach tocoquinones and other chromophores in phytosterol ester trans-esterification reaction mixtures. Phytosterol esters produced by this method possess the traditional hallmarks of quality, namely bland taste and light color, and are suitable for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: A process is described for efficiently recovering at least one of phytosterols and tocopherols in substantially pure form from the deodorizer distillates that may be obtained as by-products of the refining of edible oils. The phytosterol fatty acid esters present in deodorizer distillate are saponified with potassium hydroxide in a solvent medium containing methanol and water, thereby forming a solvent medium containing methanol, water, and the potassium soaps of fatty acids. Unsaponiable matter including tocopherols remain dissolved in this medium, allowing recovery of substantially pure phytosterols. Tocopherols in substantially pure form may be recovered by distillation under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A process for enriching the relative concentration of genistin from a mixture of isoflavones is described. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the process comprises providing a material containing a mixture of isoflavones, extracting the material with an aqueous organic solvent solution, adding calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide to the extract to form calcium-isoflavone complexes and separating precipitated calcium-isoflavone complexes from the extract. The precipitated calcium-isoflavone complexes contain a higher concentration of genistin complexes than daidzin and glycitin complexes.

Abstract: Novel catalysts capable of rendering both polar and non-polar organic fuels hypergolic with rocket-grade hydrogen peroxide are disclosed. These catalysts are complexes formed by reacting alkyl-substituted diamines or triamines, with metal salts of an aliphatic carboxylic acid or metal 1,3 dione chelates. In addition, the use of various acetylenic compounds as stability enhancing additives and/or promoters is described.

Abstract: A process for extracting secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) from de-fatted flaxseed is described. The process comprises contacting defatted flaxseed with an extraction solvent of acetone and water, extracting the de-fatted flaxseed with the extraction solvent to extract SDG-containing compounds, removal of solvents, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the extract to liberate free SDG or its salts.

Abstract: A method for producing biphenols by oxidative coupling of dialkylphenols which proceeds in two stages using a copper amine complex which is catalytically effective in each stage is disclosed. A novel copper amine complex is also disclosed wherein the complex exhibits high catalytic activity for the oxidative coupling of substituted phenols under mild conditions, has dual (two stage) activity and can be readily recycled and reused.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing biphenols by oxidative coupling of dialkylphenols which proceeds in two stages using a copper amine complex which is catalytically effective in each stage.

Abstract: This invention uses acetone/water mixtures at various concnetration and temperatures as a cost effective method for recoveing soy saponins of high purity from soybean-derived materials, while also affording an economical means of recovering soy isoflavones as a by-product.

Abstract: The process of invention reacts an alkynyl halide with a mixture that includes a dialkylaminomagnesium halide or a bis(dialkylamino)magnesium compound to produce a cycloalkylacetylene compound. Preferably, the dialkylaminomagnesium halide compound is of the general formula R.sub.2 NMgX (where R is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl substituent or R.sub.2 N represents a heterocyclic alkyl amine and X is Cl, Br, or I) and the bis(dialkylamino)magnesium compound is of the general formula (R.sub.2 N).sub.2 Mg (where R is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl substituent or R.sub.2 N represents a heterocyclic alkylamine). In a preferred method of the invention, the reaction is conducted at moderate temperatures for a period of about 12 to 24 hours. The reaction mixture preferably includes tetrahydrofuran (THF), or a hydrocarbon, or a hydrocarbonether mixture.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing certain aromatic compounds such as biphenols using an oxidizing agent such as peroxide in a solvent such as a concentrated alkanoic acid or and alkane diol.