Abstract: A harmonic light-generating metasurface includes a base substrate and a plurality of structures, that include nonlinear material, that are disposed in a pattern on a surface of the base substrate. Each structure of the plurality of structures individually supports a magnetic dipole mode. An electromagnetic field enhancement of the magnetic dipole mode induces generation of a harmonic signal by the plurality of structures. Alternatively, a harmonic light-generating metasurface, includes a base substrate, a supporting substrate that includes a nonlinear material, and a plurality of paired structures disposed in a pattern on a surface of the supporting substrate. Each paired structure, of the plurality of paired structures, collectively supports a toroidal dipole mode. An electromagnetic field enhancement of the toroidal dipole mode penetrates the supporting substrate to induce generation of a harmonic signal by the supporting substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to membranes comprising an array of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) wherein the membrane is nanoporous. In one embodiment, the membrane comprises a substantially two-dimensional array of a homogeneous population of single-walled nanotubes aggregated in substantially parallel orientation to form a monolayer extending in directions substantially perpendicular to the orientation of the individual nanotubes. Using single-wall carbon nanotubes of the same type and structure provides a homogeneous array. By using different single-wall carbon nanotubes, either a random or ordered heterogeneous structure can be produced by employing successive reactions after removal of previously masked areas of a substrate.

Abstract: A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.