Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of highly concentrated free-flowing and pumpable aqueous solutions of betaines by quaternization of a compound which contains tertiary amine nitrogen with a .omega.-halo carboxylic acid characterized in that 0.5-5% by weight of the final product, of a viscosity-reducing compound such as an alkali or alkaline earth metal citric acid salt is added to the reaction mixture before or during the quaternization reaction.

Abstract: Homogeneous liquid cationic compositions are produced by combining one or more cationic agents with one or more compounds of the formula HO(X--O).sub.x --R--(O--Y).sub.y --OH wherein each X is ethylene, straight or branched propylene, or straight or branched butylene; x is 0 to 40; each Y is ethylene, straight or branched propylene, or straight or branched butylene; y is 0 to 40; the sum of (x+y) is 0 to 40; and R is saturated straight, branched or cyclic alkylene containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms or, if (x=y=0), R contains 7 to 12 carbon atoms. Compositions are easily dispersed in water, even at room temperature, at any concentration and can be made to form clear or translucent products having a desirable uniform appearance, by appropriate selection of components and their amounts.

Abstract: Bis-silyl tertiary amines of the formula (I) ?((R.sup.1).sub.b Y).sub.a R.sup.2.sub.3-a SiR.sup.3 !.sub.2 NX wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are monovalent radicals, R.sup.

Abstract: Aminosiloxanes bearing 4-amino-3,3-dialkylbutyl substituents are prepared by a multistep process including addition of 2,2-dialkylacetonitrile to vinylic siloxanes, hydrogenation of the nitrile adducts so formed to yield 4-amino-3,3-dialkylbutyl siloxanes, and optional equilibration of the latter with other siloxane sources, to form aminosiloxanes, which are useful for the treatment of textiles and fabrics and for the preparation of siloxane-containing block copolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are dry particulate compositions containing an anionic sulfonate or sulfate surfactant, fatty mono- or di-ethanolamide, alcohol, sugar and maltodextrin. The dry compositions readily disperse in water to form formulations which can form voluminous, stable, environmentally benign foams useful, for instance, in marking outdoor areas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel alkyl glyceryl ether disulfonate compositions (ADEDS), alkylphenol polyethoxy sulfate-sulfonates, and ethoxylated alkylphenol sulfonates, and novel methods of preparation and uses thereof.

Abstract: Polyether modified fluoroalkylsiloxanes having the general structure of Formula (I), Formula (II) or Formula (III): ##STR1## wherein x is about 0 to 500, y is about 1 to 50, z is about 1 to 50, R=C.sub.p H.sub.2p --(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4).sub.n --(OC.sub.3 H.sub.6).sub.n).sub.m --OR' in which p is about 2 to 5, n is about 0 to 50, N is about 0 to 50, and one of n or m must be >0, and R'=H, an alkyl group with 1-4 carbons, or an acetyl group and R.sub.f =C.sub.a H.sub.2a --O.sub.b --C.sub.c H.sub.2c --C.sub.d F.sub.2d+1 in which a is 3 or 4, b is 0 or 1, c is 0 or 2-4 and d is 4-12 with the provisos that if b=0, then c=0, and that if b=1, then c=2-4; z.sub.1 is about 0 to 50 and y.sub.1 is about 0 to 50, are useful to reduce the coefficient of friction and to increase mar resistance of coatings, to increase spreadability and wettability of coating formulations, and as foam control agents.

Abstract: Peroxydicarbonate compounds are stabilized against decomposition by the presence of an effective amount of one or more oximes of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.A and R.sup.B are optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl of up to 22 carbon atoms or phenyl, or form a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to binders for antifouling coating compositions, which can be prepared by copolymerizing polymerizable monomers, wherein, as polymerizable monomers, mixtures ofA) at least one of the compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## and B) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound having the general formula II ##STR2## with or without C) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound are polymerized.

Abstract: An overbased mixture of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylates salts useful in making low-fogging thermal stabilizers for PVC is made by reacting zinc oxide with fatty acid and such as stearic acid, then adding aromatic acids, and then adding and reacting one or both of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, under controlled heating conditions to maintain fluidity while minimizing side reactions, and then conditioning the reaction product to remove volatiles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilizer composition effective to protect PVC resin against heat-mediated deterioration, comprising a mixture of barium and zinc salts of aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 carboxylates and aromatic C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 carboxylates, organic triphosphites of the formula R.sub.1 OP(OR.sub.3)OR.sub.2 wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl, and organic acid phosphites of the formula R.sub.4 OP(OH)OR.sub.5 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.4 can be hydrogen. PVC film compounded with this stabilizer composition also exhibits improved wettability and adherence to water-based inks applied to such films.

Abstract: Fatty alcohol containing admixed therewith a small amount on the order of up to 1.0 wt. % of hypophosphorous acid, exhibits markedly reduced oxidation and oxidation-related deterioration such as discoloration and other side effects. This discovery is particularly useful when the fatty alcohol is subjected to reactions such as esterification under conditions which could cause or accelerate undesired oxidation.

Abstract: PVC stabilizers containing an overbased mixture of salts, such as magnesium and zinc salts, of unsubstituted and/or alkyl-substituted benzoic acid and optionally one or more fatty aliphatic acids, which contain a carbonate and/or silicate stabilizer, and which preferably also contain one or more polyols containing 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups, exhibit significant and unexpected reduction in the tendency to volatilize and form "fog" upon exposure of the formulation to moderately elevated temperatures, without loss of other desirable stabilization properties.

Abstract: Fluid refrigeration compositions comprising a hydrocarbon lubricant, an immiscible refrigerant and an additive capable of reducing the interfacial tension between the hydrocarbon lubricant and refrigerant.

Abstract: A crosslinking system which includes a 1,2,4-trioxacycloheptane and a crosslink-promoting polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound. This system is employed in a process of crosslinking a thermoplastic polymer. Preferred polymers, useful in this process, include ethylene homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process which, starting from 2-cyclopenten-1-ones substituted in the 3-position, gives a high yields of 1,3-dialkylcyclopentadienes which can be directly metallated and reacted to give the corresponding 1,3-dialkylcyclopentadienyl-transition metal complexes.

Abstract: Disclosed are dry particulate compositions containing an anionic sulfonate or sulfate surfactant, fatty mono- or di-ethanolamide, alcohol, sugar and maltodextrin. The dry compositions readily disperse in water to form formulations which can form voluminous, stable, environmentally benign foams useful, for instance, in marking outdoor areas.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable monophasic liquid compositions comprising water, one or more cationic, anionic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactants, exhibiting partial solubility in water or in concentrated formulations, and one or more coupling agents of the formula (1)R.sup.A --C(O)O--R.sup.C --(OC(O)R.sup.E).sub.0-1 (1)wherein R.sup.A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl with 0-3 hydroxyl substituents, R.sup.C is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl with 0-3 hydroxyl substituents, and R.sup.E is C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 alkyl with 0-1 hydroxyl substituents, wherein the compounds of formula (1) contain 7 to 16 carbon atoms and a total of 1-3 hydroxyl substituents.

Abstract: Disclosed are isotropic oil-in-water microemulsions containing an oil component of a fatty acid, fatty alcohol, or ester thereof; a quaternary ammonium component; an ether component; and water. The microemulsions are useful to apply removable hydrophobic films to a surface, rendering them useful in e.g. carwashes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electroless process for making a catalyst in a liquid or gaseous medium comprising contacting a base metal with a chemical cleaning agent and simultaneously or sequentially treating said base metal under reducing conditions with a noble metal-containing material, the catalyst prepared using the process, and a method of using the catalyst.