Abstract: Thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores may comprise a donor ligand, an acceptor ligand, and an acceptor tuner ligand. The donor ligand may be selected from one or more of carbazole, diphenylamine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, or acridine. The acceptor ligand may be selected from one or more of benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or diphenyl sulfone. The acceptor tuner ligand may comprise a benzene ring. The benzene ring may be at least partially substituted. Organic layers, such as polymers or films, comprising the thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophore of the general structure: wherein Ar1 represents an acceptor tuner ligand and Ar2 represents a donor ligand, wherein the acceptor tuner ligand is a benzene ring at least partially substituted with two or more fluoro atoms and wherein the donor ligand is an optionally substituted carbazole. Organic layers, such as polymers or films, comprising the thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores are also disclosed.

Abstract: A unipolar-doped light emitting diode or laser diode is described. The diode includes a bottom region having an n-type layer, a top region having an n-type layer, and a middle region between the top and bottom regions having at least one material different from the top or bottom region forming two or more heterojunctions. The top and bottom regions create light emission by interband tunneling-induced photon emission. Systems including the unipolar-doped diode including LIDAR are also taught.

Abstract: Protein biomarkers may be used to rapidly and accurately diagnose stroke. Biomarkers may be utilized in a rapid and inexpensive test that could be used at the bedside or ambulatory setting to definitively indicate the presence or absence of stroke and its severity. Such a test would quickly stratify patients in need of immediate stroke treatment from those who are not having a stroke. The test may aid emergency personnel in the decision for the most appropriate treatment plan and treatment location, thereby minimizing morbidity and mortality of stroke patients.

Abstract: Gallium nitride based devices and, more particularly to the generation of holes in gallium nitride based devices lacking p-type doping, and their use in light emitting diodes and lasers, both edge emitting and vertical emitting. By tailoring the intrinsic design, a wide range of wavelengths can be emitted from near-infrared to mid ultraviolet, depending upon the design of the adjacent cross-gap recombination zone. The innovation also provides for novel circuits and unique applications, particularly for water sterilization.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention comprise modeling a team's state and the influence of training treatments, or actions, on that state to create a training policy. Both state and effects of actions are modeled as probabilistic using Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) techniques. Utilizing this model and the resulting training policy with teams creates an effective decision aid for instructors to improve learning relative to a traditional scenario selection strategy.

Abstract: Thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores may comprise a donor ligand, an acceptor ligand, and an acceptor tuner ligand. The donor ligand may be selected from one or more of carbazole, diphenylamine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, or acridine. The acceptor ligand may be selected from one or more of benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or diphenyl sulfone. The acceptor tuner ligand may comprise a benzene ring. The benzene ring may be at least partially substituted. Organic layers, such as polymers or films, comprising the thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydration sensor is provided that includes a circulator having a plurality of ports, an amplitude-modulated coherent source connected to a first port of the circulator, a rectifier or other power sensor connected to a second port of the circulator followed by an RF baseband low-noise amplifier, a coupling structure connected to the third port of the circulator, and a demodulator connected to the output of the rectifier. The hydration sensor can include an RF low noise amplifier between the circulator and rectifier, and/or a second amplitude modulator between the circulator and the coupling structure. The coupling structure can be either a guided-wave near-field structure or an interfacial capacitive or inductive element. In the former case, the hydration is determined by measuring the reflectivity of the guided-wave radiation, and in the latter case it is determined by measuring the change of reflectivity (through change of impedance) of the interfacial element.

Abstract: Protein biomarkers may be used to rapidly and accurately diagnose stroke. Biomarkers may be utilized in a rapid and inexpensive test that could be used at the bedside or ambulatory setting to definitively indicate the presence or absence of stroke and its severity. Such a test would quickly stratify patients in need of immediate stroke treatment from those who are not having a stroke. The test may aid emergency personnel in the decision for the most appropriate treatment plan and treatment location, thereby minimizing morbidity and mortality of stroke patients.

Abstract: Gallium nitride based devices and, more particularly to the generation of holes in gallium nitride based devices lacking p-type doping, and their use in light emitting diodes and lasers, both edge emitting and vertical emitting. By tailoring the intrinsic design, a wide range of wavelengths can be emitted from near-infrared to mid ultraviolet, depending upon the design of the adjacent cross-gap recombination zone. The innovation also provides for novel circuits and unique applications, particularly for water sterilization.

Abstract: Electrode interfaces and electrode assemblies for performing transcranial direct current stimulation. The electrode interfaces include a body configured to be coupled to an electrode for delivery of electrical current therethrough. The body includes a non-contact surface and a contact surface opposing the non-contact surface. The body defines a plurality of conductivity passages extending therethrough from the non-contact surface to the contact surface. Each conductivity passage is disposed along a central axis and includes at least one branching inlet and at least one branching subpassage extending from the at least one branching inlet to the contact surface. Each branching subpassage defines a plurality of branches, and each branch diverges from the central axis and then extends to the contact surface. The electrode assemblies include a neurostimulation device, at least two electrodes coupled to the neurostimulation device, and an electrode interface including a body coupled to each electrode.

Abstract: A device for measuring and characterizing solid-state devices or integrated circuits at RF frequencies up to 1.0 THz and beyond is provided that includes a transmitting photomixing probe structure and a receiving photomixing probe structure. The transmitting photomixing probe structure and the receiving photomixing probe structure are ac-coupled to the solid-state device or integrated circuit in a contact-free manner.

Abstract: Gallium nitride based devices and, more particularly to the generation of holes in gallium nitride based devices lacking p-type doping, and their use in light emitting diodes and lasers, both edge emitting and vertical emitting. By tailoring the intrinsic design, a wide range of wavelengths can be emitted from near-infrared to mid ultraviolet, depending upon the design of the adjacent cross-gap recombination zone. The innovation also provides for novel circuits and unique applications, particularly for water sterilization.

Abstract: A device for measuring and characterizing solid-state devices or integrated circuits at RF frequencies up to 1.0 THz and beyond is provided that includes a transmitting photomixing probe structure and a receiving photomixing probe structure. The transmitting photomixing probe structure and the receiving photomixing probe structure are ac-coupled to the solid-state device or integrated circuit in a contact-free manner.

Abstract: A digital signal synthesizer for generating a frequency and/or phase modified digital signal output comprises an input buffer, a transform module, a processing module, and an output buffer. The input buffer receives a digital input that is represented in a frequency domain representation. The transform module stores a fractional order control system that models a desired frequency and/or phase response defined by an assembly of at least one filter component. Each filter component is defined by a Laplace function that is modified to include a non-integer control order having a variable fractional scaling exponent. The processing module multiplies or divides the digital input with the fractional order control system stored in the transform module. Moreover, the output buffer stores a synthesized output of the input, which is modified in the frequency domain, the phase domain, or both according to the desired frequency and/or phase response by the processing module.

Abstract: A hydration sensor is provided that includes a circulator having a plurality of ports, an amplitude-modulated coherent source connected to a first port of the circulator, a rectifier or other power sensor connected to a second port of the circulator followed by an RF baseband low-noise amplifier, a coupling structure connected to the third port of the circulator, and a demodulator connected to the output of the rectifier. The hydration sensor can include an RF low noise amplifier between the circulator and rectifier, and/or a second amplitude modulator between the circulator and the coupling structure. The coupling structure can be either a guided-wave near-field structure or an interfacial capacitive or inductive element. In the former case, the hydration is determined by measuring the reflectivity of the guided-wave radiation, and in the latter case it is determined by measuring the change of reflectivity (through change of impedance) of the interfacial element.

Abstract: A multiscale hierarchical scaffold with the complexity of extracellular matrix (ECM) is disclosed. The multiscale hierarchical scaffold may be a carbon-based scaffold with hierarchical nanoscale and microscale architecture with controlled physicochemical properties. More specifically, multiscale hierarchy is built by growing carbon nanotube carpets on two types of scaffolds, namely, interconnected microporous carbon foams and aligned carbon fiber mats.

Abstract: A method performed by one or more processing devices includes conducting a plurality of tests of a manufacturing process. Each test is conducted at a different combination of at least a first process variable and a second process variable, and each test comprises locally heating a region of a structure, where the local heating results in formation of a thermal field in the structure, and assessing a temperature derivative of the thermal field. Based on results of the plurality of tests, a process map of the temperature derivative of the thermal field is generated, with the temperature derivative based on a function of the first process variable and the second process variable.

Abstract: A device for measuring and characterizing solid-state devices or integrated circuits at RF frequencies up to 1.0 THz and beyond is provided that includes a transmitting photomixing probe structure and a receiving photomixing probe structure. The transmitting photomixing probe structure and the receiving photomixing probe structure are ac-coupled to the solid-state device or integrated circuit in a contact-free manner.

Abstract: Methods for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of at least one small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel activator or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of ALS, including a therapeutically effective amount of at least one SK channel activator, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least one excipient, adjuvant, or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.