Abstract: A photometer for measuring photometric magnitudes in a liquid medium includes a housing adapted to be introduced into the medium for on-site measurements; and light-emitting measuring beam transmitter and receiver that are arranged behind opposing measuring windows in a measuring slot in the housing, in which the slot is open to the medium. A measuring beam is generated in a measuring conduit in the measuring slot. A reference conduit is included for a reference measurement which is separate from the measuring conduit. At least one carrier part for the measuring beam transmitter and the measuring beam receiver is provided to move on a given path in the housing. The carrier part is constructed to move on the given path from the measuring conduit to the reference conduit and back, for measuring intensity values of the measuring beam in the measuring conduit and in the reference conduit.

Abstract: Two different types of data transfer are provided. The first type of data transfer takes place between a data transfer device and each individual measuring point. This first type of data transfer requires close physical relation between the data transfer device and the measuring point. The measuring point is provided with a marker, or a marker is retrieved, within the framework of this data transfer. Then a second type of data transfer between a central control and the measuring point is realized. Measurement data, control data, and, if necessary, configuration data are transferred within the framework of this second data transfer. The marker can be made application specific or sample specific by means of this procedure of the measurement arrangement, that is, it is possible to allocate markers which refer to the application. Furthermore, the measurement arrangement makes sample management and documentation possible without expensive editing processes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process and a device for controlling and regulating the nitrification and denitrification phase in waste water treatment, the redox potential (U.sub.R) of the waste water being measured. In a first embodiment, the inflection point of the redox potential is determined statistically. For this a series of measurements of the redox potential are carried out at separate intervals of time, which measurements first are determined and then combined for determining an increase value. The difference between sequential increase values is compared, and a first switch signal (S1) is generated which contains information concerning this result. In a another embodiment, the difference of the redox potential (U.sub.R) between maximum and switching off the denitrification phase is determined and compared with the corresponding value of the previous measurement cycle. Depending on the comparison result, a second switch signal (S2) is generated.

Abstract: An analytical device for determining the gas consumption of matter, specifically the oxygen demand of organic matter includes a container for holding the sample which is to be analyzed and a cop to seal the container gas-tight. Electrical and/or electronic measurement components are integrated in the cap. These components include an electrical pressure sensor which communicates with the interior of the container through a pressure connection, electronic measuring circuitry to which the pressure sensor output signal is sent in order to calculate a value which is proportional to gas consumption, keys for operating the electronic measuring circuitry, and a display for displaying measured, calculated, or stored values. The cap also contains a power source for the electrical/electronic components.