Abstract: In a method for producing a replication master (10) having a surface with low roughness, comprising the steps of forming said master (10) such as to have a desired external surface shape corresponding to a counterform of a surface of an object (18, 20) to be produced by replication and treating said external surface of said master (10) to obtain a predetermined surface roughness value, it is proposed that said method furthermore comprises the step of coating at least a part of said master (10) with a soluble smoothening layer (16). The invention further relates to a replication master (10) for producing a smooth object (18, 20) having a low surface roughness, wherein at least a part of said master (10) is coated with a soluble smoothening layer (16).

Abstract: The invention refers to an X-ray beam device for X-ray analytical applications, comprising an X-ray source designed such as to emit a divergent beam of X-rays; and an optical assembly designed such as to focus said beam onto a focal spot, wherein said optical assembly comprises a first reflecting optical element, a monochromator device and a second reflecting optical element sequentially arranged between said source and said focal spot, wherein said first optical element is designed such as to collimate said beam in two dimensions towards said monochromator device, and wherein said second optical element is designed such as to focus the beam coming from said monochromator device in two dimensions onto said focal spot.

Abstract: The invention relates to X-ray analytical instruments (RX), more precisely a device for providing a high energy X-ray beam, typically above 4 keV, for X-ray analysis applications. The device comprises an X-ray tube with a turning anode and an X-ray lens for shaping the beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical assembly with a laterally graded reflective multilayer whose reflecting surface reflects incident X-rays under low incidence angles to produce a two-dimensional optical effect. The reflecting surface comprises a single surface conformed along two curvatures corresponding to two different directions. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of such an optical assembly. The method includes coating a substrate already having a curvature. The invention also relates to a device for generating and conditioning X-rays for applications for angle-dispersive X-ray reflectometry. The device includes the optical assembly connected to an X-ray source so that X-rays emitted by the source are conditioned along two dimensions so as to adapt the beam emitted by the source to the sample, with the X-rays having different angles of incidence on the sample under consideration.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device intended to treat an incident X-ray beam. The optical device comprises a monochromator and an optical element for conditioning the incident beam. The reflective surface of the optical element is able to produce a two-dimensional optical effect in order to adapt a beam in destination of the monochromator. The reflective surface of the optical element comprises a multilayer structure type surface that is reflective to X-rays. In particular, the reflective surface consists of a single surface shaped according to two curvatures corresponding to two different directions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical assembly (10) with a laterally graded reflective multilayer whose reflecting surface reflects incident X-rays under low incidence angles producing a two-dimensional optical effect, characterized by the fact that said reflecting surface is comprised of a single surface, said reflecting surface being conformed along two curvatures corresponding to two different directions. This invention also relates to a manufacturing method of such an optical assembly, characterized in that the method includes the coating of a substrate already having a curvature, and the curvature of this substrate along a second different direction.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a multi-layered reflective optical system for the reflection of X rays at a low angle of incidence, producing a two-dimensional optical effect. The inventive optical system comprises: a component having a surface which is reflective in such a way that a first optical effect is produced according to a first direction in space; and means for producing a second optical effect according to a second direction in space which is different from the first direction, characterized in that said means for producing a second optical effect are borne by the reflective surface. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for the production of said optical system.