Abstract: A particle accelerator system, preferably including an injection beamline, a return beamline, and a merged beamline, and optionally including a beam separator. The particle accelerator system preferably includes a plurality of electron optics elements, such as dipole magnets, quadrupole magnets, solenoid elements, and/or higher-order magnetic elements, which can function to direct electrons (and/or other charged particles) along the beamlines. A method of operation, preferably including injecting electrons, merging beamlines, accelerating the injected electrons, and/or using the accelerated electrons, and optionally including receiving return electrons, dumping used electrons, and/or returning the accelerated electrons.

Abstract: A particle accelerator system, preferably including an injection beamline, a return beamline, and a merged beamline, and optionally including a beam separator. The particle accelerator system preferably includes a plurality of electron optics elements, such as dipole magnets, quadrupole magnets, solenoid elements, and/or higher-order magnetic elements, which can function to direct electrons (and/or other charged particles) along the beamlines. A method of operation, preferably including injecting electrons, merging beamlines, accelerating the injected electrons, and/or using the accelerated electrons, and optionally including receiving return electrons, dumping used electrons, and/or returning the accelerated electrons.

Abstract: A photocathode system, preferably including one or more modulated light sources, sets of optics, and/or cathodes. One or more such photocathode systems, optionally integrated with a light source system. A method of operation for one or more photocathode systems and/or light source systems, preferably including controlling photocathode timing, and optionally including controlling one or more optical outputs.

Abstract: A light source system, preferably including one or more electron inputs, splitters, recombiners, and/or electron outputs, and optionally including one or more accelerator modules, input transports, radiator modules, and/or output transports. The system can optionally include one or more ancillary elements (e.g., electron optics elements). A method of operation, preferably including operating in a normal mode and/or operating in a backup mode.

Abstract: A light source system, preferably including one or more electron inputs, splitters, recombiners, and/or electron outputs, and optionally including one or more accelerator modules, input transports, radiator modules, and/or output transports. The system can optionally include one or more ancillary elements (e.g., electron optics elements). A method of operation, preferably including operating in a normal mode and/or operating in a backup mode.

Abstract: A light source system, preferably including one or more electron inputs, splitters, recombiners, and/or electron outputs, and optionally including one or more accelerator modules, input transports, radiator modules, and/or output transports. The system can optionally include one or more ancillary elements (e.g., electron optics elements). A method of operation, preferably including operating in a normal mode and/or operating in a backup mode.

Abstract: A light source system, preferably including one or more electron inputs, splitters, recombiners, and/or electron outputs, and optionally including one or more accelerator modules, input transports, radiator modules, and/or output transports. The system can optionally include one or more ancillary elements (e.g., electron optics elements). A method of operation, preferably including operating in a normal mode and/or operating in a backup mode.

Abstract: A polarization-multiplexed radiator system, preferably including one or more electron splitters, undulator networks, electron combiners, and/or optics, and preferably integrated into a light source system that can include one or more accelerator modules and/or radiator modules. A method of operation, preferably including receiving high-energy electrons, separating electrons, and/or generating optical outputs S330, and optionally including separating outputs, providing the optical outputs, and/or outputting electrons.