Patents Assigned to XROS, Inc.
  • Patent number: 6882765
    Abstract: The present invention provides methods, apparatus and systems for protecting connections between optical cross-connect switches and client equipment. A connection failure is detected, signaled, and a switch made by the client equipment and the optical cross-connect switch to a protection connection between them so as to minimize service interruption. An out-of-band channel or an in-band channel can be used to signal the connection failure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: April 19, 2005
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Kent Erickson, Subhashini Kaligotia, Rajiv Ramaswami
  • Patent number: 6650803
    Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: November 18, 2003
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Rajiv Ramaswami, Robert R. Ward
  • Patent number: 6597826
    Abstract: In one embodiment, a scalable cross-connect switching system and its corresponding method perform a bridging operation by splitting the incoming light signal into at least a first bridged light signal and a second bridged light signal. The first bridged light signal has a power level equal to or substantially greater than a power level of the second bridged light signal. The disproportionate power levels provide low-loss bridging. Light signals based on these bridged light signals are routed through multiple switch fabrics which provide redundancy in case of failure by switching within the switch fabric. To detect failures, a test access port is configured for monitoring multiple optical paths.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: July 22, 2003
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Rajiv Ramaswami, Steven Clark, Robert R. Ward
  • Patent number: 6571030
    Abstract: In general, an optical cross-connect switching system comprising a switch subsystem, an input/output (I/O) subsystem including a plurality of removable, I/O port modules, and a switch control subsystem featuring servo modules. These units collectively operate to provide optical data paths for routing of light signals without conversion from optical to electrical domains and back to optical. Also, the optical cross-connect switching system is scalable because the I/O port modules, servo modules and even features of the switch subsystem may be removed without disruption in system operation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: May 27, 2003
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Rajiv Ramaswami, Steven T. Tabaska, Robert R. Ward
  • Patent number: 6512868
    Abstract: A mechanism for reducing radial offset in a collimnated optical beam associated with an angled end fiber and minimizing an angular offset caused by collimator lens centration errors is presented. An angled end fiber is oriented in a supporting collimator so that the angled surface of the fiber is parallel to the collimator axis, thereby compensating for the radial offset. The angled end fiber is again so oriented after the angular-offset producing collimator lens rotation (used to determine the optical center of the lens) and the collimator lens is moved in a direction parallel to the collimator axis to provide a desired output focal position for the lens.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 16, 2000
    Date of Patent: January 28, 2003
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Jack D. Foster, James Bryan
  • Patent number: 6467345
    Abstract: A method for operating a monolithic, integrated, micromachined structure that includes a reference member and one or more dynamic members. Each dynamic member is supported from the reference member, either directly or indirectly, by torsion hinges. Supported in this way, each dynamic member exhibits a plurality of vibrational modes. Preferably, the structure is micromachined to establishes specified relationships between various pairs of vibrational modes. The method also includes applying force to each dynamic member that urges the member to rotate out of a rest position to a fixed particular angle.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 3, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 22, 2002
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater
  • Patent number: 6445844
    Abstract: A fiber optic switch includes a fiber optic switching module that receives and fixes ends of optical fibers. The module includes numerous reflective light beam deflectors which may be selected as pairs for coupling a beam of light between a pair of optical fibers. The module also produces orientation signals from each deflector which indicate its orientation. A portcard included in the switch supplies drive signals to the module for orienting at least one deflector. The portcard also receives the orientation signals produced by that deflector together with coordinates that specify an orientation for the deflector. The portcard compares the received coordinates with the orientation signals received from the deflector and adjusts the drive signals supplied to the module to reduce any difference between the received coordinates and the orientation signals. The switch also employs optical alignment to precisely orient pairs of deflectors coupling a beam of light between optical fibers.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 21, 1999
    Date of Patent: September 3, 2002
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater, Tyler L. Baughman, James P. Downing, John S. Forker, Gregory A. Reznick, Sam Calmes, Steven M. Clark, Jack D. Foster, Marc R. Schuman, Rajiv Ramaswami
  • Patent number: 6426013
    Abstract: A method for fabricating an integrated, micromachined structure, such as a torsional scanner, that includes a reference member, such as a frame, a pair of torsion hinges, and a dynamic member that is coupled to the reference member by the torsion hinges. The method includes providing a wafer that has been formed from silicon material, and that has both a frontside and a backside. A membrane is formed in the wafer by etching a cavity in the silicon material from the backside of the wafer. The method also includes establishing a pattern that defines the mirror surface and the torsion hinges on the frontside of the wafer at the membrane formed therein. The frontside of the wafer is processed to form therein the dynamic member and the torsion hinges that support the dynamic member for rotation about the axis.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 28, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 30, 2002
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater
  • Patent number: 6392220
    Abstract: A monolithically fabricated micromachined structure (52) couples a reference frame (56) to a dynamic plate (58) or second frame for rotation of the plate (58) or second frame with respect to the reference frame (56). Performance of torsional oscillators or scanners (52) benefits greatly by coupling the frame (56) to the plate (58) or second frame with torsional flexure hinges (56) rather than torsion bars (54). Appendages (122), tethers (142) or an improved drive circuit enhance electrostatic drive stability of torsional oscillators (52). Wide and thin torsional flexure hinges (96) and isotopically pure silicon enhance thermal conductivity between the plate (58) and the frame (56). Dampening material bridging slots (232) adjacent to torsional flexure hinges (96) drastically reduce the dynamic member's Q. A widened section (252) of narrow torsional flexure hinges (96) permit inclusion of a torsion sensor (108). A dynamic member (58) that includes an actuator portion (302) performs light beam switching.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 2, 1999
    Date of Patent: May 21, 2002
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Timothy G. Slater, Armand P. Neukermans
  • Patent number: 6272907
    Abstract: A topographic head for profilometry and AFM supports a central paddle by coaxial torsion bars projecting inward from an outer frame. A tip projects from the paddle distal from the bars. The topographic head's frame, bars and paddle are monolithically fabricated by micromachining from a semiconductor wafer. The torsion bars preferably include an integrated paddle rotation sensor. The topographic head may be carried on an XYZ stage for X, Y and Z axis translation. In a preferred embodiment, the XYZ stage is also monolithically fabricated by micromachining from a semiconductor wafer with a fixed outer base that is coupled to an X-axis stage via a plurality of flexures, and with the X-axis stage supporting a Y-axis stage also via a plurality of flexures.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 19, 1999
    Date of Patent: August 14, 2001
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater
  • Patent number: 5969465
    Abstract: An improved micromachined structure used for beam scanners, gyroscopes, etc. includes a reference member from which project a first pair of axially aligned torsion bars. A first dynamic member, coupled to and supported from the reference member by the torsion bars, oscillates in one-dimension about the torsion bar's axis. A second dynamic member may be supported from the first dynamic member by a second pair of axially aligned torsion bars for two-dimensional oscillation. The dynamic members respectively exhibit a plurality of vibrational modes each having a frequency and a Q. The improvement includes means for altering a characteristic of the dynamic member's frequency and Q. Coupling between dynamic members permits altering the second dynamic member's frequency and Q by techniques applied to the first dynamic member. Some techniques disclosed also increase oscillation amplitude or reduce driving voltage, and also increase mechanical ruggedness of the structure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 1, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 19, 1999
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater, Philip Downing
  • Patent number: 5861549
    Abstract: A topographic head for profilometry and AFM supports a central paddle by coaxial torsion bars projecting inward from an outer frame. A tip projects from the paddle distal from the bars. The torsion bars include an integrated paddle rotation sensor. A XY stage may carry the topographic head for X and Y axis translation. The XYZ stage's fixed outer base is coupled to an X-axis stage via a plurality of flexures. The X-axis stage is coupled to a Y-axis stage also via a plurality of flexures. One of each set of flexures includes a shear stress sensor. A Z-axis stage may also be included to provide an integrated XYZ scanning stage. The topographic head's frame, bars and paddle, and the XYZ stage's stage-base, X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis stages, and flexures are respectively monolithically fabricated by micromachining from a semiconductor wafer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 10, 1996
    Date of Patent: January 19, 1999
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventors: Armand P. Neukermans, Timothy G. Slater
  • Patent number: 5841553
    Abstract: A compact medium scanner (100) scans a surface (132) of a medium (134) with a beam of light (106). A medium transport mechanism (202, 206) advances the surface along a medium transport path through a scanning station. A light source (104) produces a collimated beam of light (106) that impinges upon a mirror plate (112) of a micromachined torsional scanner (108). A pair of coaxially aligned torsion bars (304) support the mirror plate (112) within the torsional scanner (108). A mirror-surface drive means (306, 312) rotates the mirror plate (112) about the torsion bars (304). A single reciprocation of the mirror plate (112) by the drive means (306, 312) deflects the beam of light (106) over a fan-shaped region having a virtually fixed vertex (128) on the mirror plate (112). Scanner optics (116, 122) direct the fan-shaped region beam of light (106) onto the surface (132) of the medium (134) then present in the scanning station to thereby scan across the medium (134) with the beam of light (106).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 24, 1996
    Date of Patent: November 24, 1998
    Assignee: XROS, Inc.
    Inventor: Armand P. Neukermans