Abstract: A modular switch and a method that includes (a) first tier switching elements that comprise input output (IO) ports; and (b) second tier switching elements that are coupled to the first tier switching elements in a non-blocking manner. The first tier switching elements are configured to perform traffic management of traffic, and perform substantially all egress processing and ingress processing of the traffic; wherein the traffic management comprises load balancing, traffic shaping and flow-based reordering. The second tier switching elements are configured to (a) provide a shared memory space to the first tier switching elements, (b) perform substantially all of the queuing of traffic and (c) send, to the first tier switching elements, status information related to the status of shared memory resources. The first tier switching elements are configured to perform the traffic management based, at least in part, on the status information.

Abstract: A system for managing traffic between servers, the system may include first tier switches that are coupled to the servers; second tier switches that are coupled to the first tier switches and to third tier switches; and controllers. Wherein each first tier switch comprises first queues. Wherein each second tier switch comprises second queues. The controllers are configured to control a traffic between the first tier switches and the second tier switches attributed to the traffic between the servers, (a) on, at least, a queue granularity; (b) while controlling some first queues to provide buffer extension to some second queues, and (c) while controlling some second queues to provide buffer extension to some first queues.

Abstract: A method for managing traffic in a computerized system that may include routers and at least one edge device, the method may include performing traffic management operations for controlling traffic related to the routers while executing a first traffic management operations by the at least one edge device, and executing second traffic management operations by the routers.

Abstract: An elastic memory system that may include memory banks, clients that are configured to obtain access requests associated with input addresses; first address converters that are configured to convert the input addresses to intermediate addresses within a linear address space; address scramblers that are configured to convert the intermediate addresses to physical addresses while balancing a load between the memory banks; atomic operation units; an interconnect that is configured to receive modified access requests that are associated with the physical addresses, and send the modified access requests downstream, wherein atomic modified access requests are sent to the atomic operation units; wherein the atomic operations units are configured to execute the atomic modified access requests; wherein the memory banks are configured to respond to the atomic modified access requests and to non-atomic modified access requests.

Abstract: A method and a high-frequency module that includes a high frequency die that may include multiple die pads; a substrate that may include a first buildup layer, a second buildup layer and a core that is positioned between the first buildup layer and a second buildup layer; a line card that may include multiple line card pads; and multiple conductors that pass through the substrate without reaching a majority of a depth of the core, and couple the multiple die pads to the multiple line card pads.

Abstract: A method for responding to a failure of a main die of a switch data-plane device, the method may include applying a secondary packet forwarding process by multiple chiplets, following the failure of the main die and during at least a part of an execution of a synchronous graceful process that follows the failure of the main die; wherein the multiple chiplets are interconnected to each other by a secondary interconnect; wherein the multiple chiplets and are coupled to the main die by a primary interconnect; wherein the applying of the secondary packet forwarding process is less complex than a primary forwarding process applied by the main die while the main die is functional.

Abstract: A system for managing traffic between servers, the system may include first tier switches that are coupled to the servers; second tier switches that are coupled to the first tier switches and to third tier switches; and controllers. Wherein each first tier switch comprises first queues. Wherein each second tier switch comprises second queues. The controllers are configured to control a traffic between the first tier switches and the second tier switches attributed to the traffic between the servers, (a) on, at least, a queue granularity; (b) while controlling some first queues to provide buffer extension to some second queues, and (c) while controlling some second queues to provide buffer extension to some first queues.

Abstract: A method and a high-frequency module that includes a high frequency die that may include multiple die pads; a substrate that may include a first buildup layer, a second buildup layer and a core that is positioned between the first buildup layer and a second buildup layer; a line card that may include multiple line card pads; and multiple conductors that pass through the substrate without reaching a majority of a depth of the core, and couple the multiple die pads to the multiple line card pads.

Abstract: A method and a high-frequency module that includes (a) a high frequency die that includes multiple die pads, (b) a substrate that comprises a first buildup layer, a second buildup layer and a core that is positioned between the first buildup layer and a second buildup layer, (c) a heat sink and coupling module that comprises a heat sink and multiple first conductors that pass through the heat sink and extend outside the heat sink; (d) a line card that comprises multiple line card pads that are coupled to external ends of the multiple first conductors; (e) coupling elements that are coupled to internal end of the multiple first conductors; and (f) multiple second conductors that pass through the substrate without reaching a majority of a depth of the core, and couple the multiple die pads to the coupling elements. The high frequency it not lower than fifty gigabits per second.