Abstract: A nanodosimeter device (15) for detecting positive ions induced in a sensitive gas volume by a radiation field of primary particle, comprising an ionization chamber (10) for holding the sensitive gas volume to be irradiated by the radiation field of primary particles; an ion counter system connected to the ionization chamber (10) for detecting the positive ions which pass through the aperture opening and arrive at the ion counter (12) at an arrival time; a particle tracking system for position-sensitive detection of the primary particles passing through the sensitive gas volume; and a data acquisition system capable of coordinating the readout of all data signals and of performing data analysis correlating the arrival time of the positive ions detected by the ion counter system relative to the position sensitive data of primary particles detected by the particle tracking system.

Abstract: A nanodosimeter device (15) for detecting positive ions induced in a sensitive gas volume by a radiation field of primary particle, comprising an ionization chamber (10) for holding the sensitive gas volume to be irradiated by the radiation field of primary particles; an ion counter system connected to the ionization chamber (10) for detecting the positive ions which pass through the aperture opening and arrive at the ion counter (12) at an arrival time; a particle tracking system for position-sensitive detection of the primary particles passing through the sensitive gas volume; and a data acquisition system capable of coordinating the readout of all data signals and of performing data analysis correlating the arrival time of the positive ions detected by the ion counter system relative to the position sensitive data of primary particles detected by the particle tracking system.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of stabilizing Human Fibroblast Interferon (HFIF) known as "Interferon .beta." with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and to transportable and storable vials containing such stabilized Interferon .beta..

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a sensitive quantitative assay for the determination of a hapten "X" which comprises: preparing a conjugate of the hapten X which conjugate is adapted to ellicit antibody formation, and injecting a mammal with said conjugate, resulting in a specific antibody against the said hapten, "anti-X"; preparing a conjugate of the hapten X and of another entity Y, which is either another hapten or a larger molecule, injecting a mammal with the entity Y if it is a larger molecule, or with a conjugate thereof if it is a small molecule which does not by itself ellicit antibody formation, so as to form anti-Y antibodies, preparing a conjugate of a suitable enzyme and the antibody against Y, i.e. an (enzyme)-(anti-Y)-conjugate; adsorbing the antibodies against X, i.e.