Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger inline filter comprises a filtration filter which is inserted into a cooling fluid inlet of a plate-type heat exchanger formed by a plurality of heat transfer plates and filters dust or foreign matter contained in the fluid. The filtration filter includes a filter pipe which has a hollow shape and in which an input hole communicating with the cooling fluid inlet is formed in one surface thereof and a plurality of small-diameter holes are formed to pass through an outer surface thereof to allow the fluid to pass therethrough in a direction perpendicular to the cooling fluid inlet toward a gap between the heat transfer plates and reinforcement member closely fixed along an inner circumferential surface of the filter pipe to support the inner circumferential surface of the filter pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate-type heat exchanger inline filter. When a fluid is supplied through a cooling fluid inlet of the plate-type heat exchanger, the fluid being introduced through the cooling fluid inlet is supplied into a filter pipe through an input hole of the filter pipe, and then flows in a width direction of a channel between heat transfer plates through a small-diameter hole, and dust or foreign matter contained in the fluid is filtered. A reinforcement member firmly supports an inner circumferential surface of the filter pipe to prevent a shape of an outer surface of the filter pipe from being deformed due to a pressure of the fluid flowing into the filter pipe or a pressure of the fluid passing through the small-diameter hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are a structural color variable photonic crystal composite material and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, a photonic crystal composite material having various changes in color by external stimulation and controlling the color change, and a method of manufacturing the same. The structural color variable photonic crystal composite material includes a metal having a metal oxide layer formed on its surface, wherein the metal oxide layer includes a plurality of pores, and a variable material that swells and contracts within the pores by external stimulation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a structural color variable photonic crystal composite material and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, a photonic crystal composite material having various changes in color by external stimulation and controlling the color change, and a method of manufacturing the same. The structural color variable photonic crystal composite material includes a metal having a metal oxide layer formed on its surface, wherein the metal oxide layer includes a plurality of pores, and a variable material that swells and contracts within the pores by external stimulation.

Abstract: Provided is a surface hardening method for surface hardening a sulfuric acid-anodized aluminum alloy oxide layer, which includes: pre-treatment in which various foreign substances, including an oxide film, attached to a surface of an aluminum alloy are removed; sealing treatment in which the aluminum alloy having been subjected to the pre-treatment is immersed in a sealing solution, whereby fine pores formed in a film are sealed; and heat treatment in which the aluminum alloy having been subjected to the sealing treatment is charged to, and thermally treated in, a heat treatment furnace and then naturally cooled. By lowering the withstand voltage of an aluminum alloy oxide layer and increasing the hardness by subjecting the same to sealing treatment and subsequent post-heat treatment, the present invention has the effect of providing an environmentally-friendly and crack-free lightweight material that can replace steel products.

Abstract: The PWM signal corresponding to the at least one switch is output by reducing the output frequency of the PWM signal to be lower than that of the pervious PWM signal output immediately before the output of the PWM signal so as to prevent overheating during the on/off operation of the at least one switch corresponding to the at least one battery cell so that the at least one switch may perform the cell balancing function without being overheated and thus a voltage and current of a noise component during on/off switching of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) may be reduced to prevent overheating of the at least one switch (e.g., an FET) and other circuit components (e.g., a capacitor, etc.) near the switch due to the voltage and current of the noise component, thereby preventing a malfunction of the battery management system.

Abstract: Provided is a transfer apparatus using a star wheel. The transfer apparatus using a star wheel includes a rotating body axially rotated by a rotating motor, a rotating column connected to the rotating body to axially rotate on a base, a star wheel which is connected to the rotating column to axially rotate and in which a plurality of rotating protrusion are spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals along an entire circumferential surface in a circumferential direction to form transfer grooves and a connecting unit which connects the rotating body and the rotating column, and the rotating column of the rotating body is simply connected to the star wheel by an engagement structure including a protrusion and a recess.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydraulic double-acting hand pump in which a high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves are formed in a top surface, a fluid inlet is formed in a bottom surface, a body in which the fluid outlet is formed in a side surface is provided, a piston is inserted into and coupled to the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves, an upper end of the piston is connected and fixed to a handle rotatably installed in the low pressure side fluid supply groove of the body, the piston alternately and repeatedly ascends and descends to supply fluids to the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves, and the fluids are discharged through the fluid outlet of the body by pushing the fluids inside the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hydraulic double-acting hand pump in which a high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves are formed in a top surface, a fluid inlet is formed in a bottom surface, a body in which the fluid outlet is formed in a side surface is provided, a piston is inserted into and coupled to the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves, an upper end of the piston is connected and fixed to a handle rotatably installed in the low pressure side fluid supply groove of the body, the piston alternately and repeatedly ascends and descends to supply fluids to the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves, and the fluids are discharged through the fluid outlet of the body by pushing the fluids inside the high and low pressure side fluid supply grooves.