Abstract: A fast fluidized bed reactor, comprising an upright reaction chamber for containing a bed of granular material, the chamber having a cylindrical upper region and a lower region; a feeder for feeding matter into the lower region; apparatus for supplying pressurized air to the reaction chamber to fluidize the granular material in the circulating regime, whereby a portion of the granular material is entrained into the upper region; apparatus for tangentially supplying pressurized air to the upper region, the second stream of air being supplied, and the reactor being constructed, in a manner to provide a Swirl number of at least 0.

Abstract: A method of operating an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor, and an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor, including the step of providing pressurized air to an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor both through openings located in a support surface and through openings located in the reactor walls having outlets below the surface of the bed of granular material. The structure of the adiabatic fluidized bed reactor includes support surface air distribution nozzles extending through a support surface, reactor wall air distribution openings extending through the reactor walls having outlets below the surface of the bed of granular material, and separate control valves for controlling the flow of pressurized air to the support surface air distribution nozzles and to the reactor wall air distribution openings. The method and apparatus of the present invention result in higher reactor hydrodynamic turndown ratios than can be achieved with conventional single-bed reactors. For example, a hydrodynamic turndown ratio of 6.

Abstract: A bed support, and a fluidizing bed reactor incorporating the bed support, the bed support including a horizontal support surface with a centrally disposed conduit for removing tramp material and/or agglomerated material from the reactor. The horizontal support surface has fluidizing air source jet nozzles for directing pressurized air toward the area above the conduit. In a first embodiment, the conduit has downwardly diverging walls. In a second embodiment, the horizontal support surface further includes a bar grate having central fluidizing air source jet nozzles positioned within the conduit. The method of operating the fluidized bed reactor includes directing pressurized air at an angle to the horizontal support surface both for fluidizing the bed and for moving the tramp material and/or agglomerated material toward the conduit for removal from the reactor through the conduit.

Abstract: A method of operating a fast fluidized bed reactor according to the invention comprises: (1) providing a substantially upright fluidized bed reactor containing a bed of granular material and having an upper and a lower region, the upper region having a cylindrically shaped interior surface; (2) feeding matter to be reacted into the lower region of the reactor; (3) supplying a first stream of pressurized air to the reactor through a plurality of openings in the lower region at a sufficient velocity to fluidize the granular material in the circulating regime, whereby at least a portion of the granular material is continually entrained upward into the upper region; (4) tangentially supplying a second stream of pressurized air to the upper region of the reactor through at least one opening in the cylindrical interior surface of the upper region; (5) maintaining a Swirl number of at least about 0.

Abstract: A method of operating a fast fluidized bed reactor according to the invention comprises: (1) providing a fluidized bed reactor having an upper and a lower region, the upper region having a cylindrical shape; (2) feeding matter to be reacted into the lower region of the reactor; (3) supplying a first stream of pressurized air to the reactor in the lower region at a velocity to fluidize the granular material in the circulating regime, a portion of the granular material is continually entrained into the upper region; (4) tangentially supplying a second stream of pressurized air to the upper region wherein, at maximum operating capacity for the reactor, the second stream of air constitutes in excess of about 50% of the total pressurized air fed to the reactor; (5) maintaining a Swirl number of at least about 0.

Abstract: A self cleaning industrial dust filter includes a housing divided by a tube sheet into an upper clean air chamber and a lower dirty air chamber. Pleated fiber cartridge type filters are supported in the lower chamber from the tube sheet and the interior of the filters communicate with the clean air chamber through openings in the tube sheet, one for each filter. The lower chamber is formed as a plurality of panel venturis which converge downwardly from the lower end of the filters to a narrow throat. A clean air outlet connects with the upper chamber and a dirty air inlet with the lower. Downwardly directed jet nozzles are positioned in each venturi to induce reverse flow through the associated filters, remove accumulated particulates and conduct them to a take out at the base of the lower chamber.

Abstract: A combustor grid for use in an incinerator having air bars for distribution of fluidizing air. Air is distributed from a source of pressurized air to a configuration of air bars in fluid communication with each other. Each air bar in the grid has an upper surface with air injection ports and side walls which converge toward the bottom surface. The air injectors may be refractory covered metal tubes on a conduit or individual air nozzles.

Abstract: A plate grid, and a fluidized bed reactor incorporating the plate grid, are disclosed. The plate grid includes air distribution apertures for delivering pressurized air to the reactor, and conduits for removing refuse, such as tramp material and/or agglomerated material, from the fluidized bed. The conduits include downwardly diverging walls extending from the lower face of the plate grid support surface. The fluidized bed reactor incorporating the plate grid further includes a chamber located below the plate grid support surface in communication at its upper end with both the air distribution apertures and conduits and at its lower end with a discharge port. The method of operating the fluidized bed reactor includes filling the reactor, and consequently the chamber and conduits, with granular material to form a space between the top surface of the granular material in the chamber and the lower face of the support surface.

Abstract: A bed support, and a fluidized bed reactor incorporating the bed support, the bed support including a conical-shaped support with downwardly converging surfaces terminating in a conduit for removing tramp material and/or agglomerated material from the reactor. The downwardly converging surfaces have main air source nozzles for directing pressurized air parallel to and downwardly along the downwardly converging surfaces toward the conduit. In a first embodiment, the conduit has downwardly diverging walls. In a second embodiment, the conical-shaped support further includes an inverted cone positioned over the conduit, the inverted cone having central air source nozzles and slots in the lower portion of the cone. In a third embodiment, the conical-shaped support further includes a bar grate having central air source nozzles positioned within the conduit.

Abstract: A method of operating an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor, and an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor, including the step of providing pressurized air to an adiabatic fluidized bed reactor both through openings located in a support surface and through openings located in the reactor walls having outlets below the surface of the bed of granular material. The structure of the adiabatic fluidized bed reactor includes support surface air distribution nozzles extending through a support surface, reactor wall air distribution openings extending through the reactor walls having outlets below the surface of the bed of granular material, and separate control valves for controlling the flow of pressurized air to the support surface air distribution nozzles and to the reactor wall air distribution openings. The method and apparatus of the present invention result in higher reactor hydrodynamic turndown ratios than can be achieved with conventional single-bed reactors. For example, a hydrodynamic turndown ratio of 6.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for maintaining the permeability of porous filtering media used in filtering gaseous suspensions. More particularly the invention defines Inside Bag Dust Collection wherein high energy pressurized gas is introduced for cleaning the filtering media. In the method and apparatus pneumatic impulse forces, derived from a series of charges of pressurized gas are directed downwardly through ever open venturi means and away from the interior of the filter bags; specific jet nozzle elements optimize the efficiency of the pressurized gas application, and an induced air funnel means within the bag causes vertical force resolution for induced air cleaning flow. Spoiler means are provided within jet nozzle means such that particulate matter will neither enter nor accumulate in the jet nozzle opening during normal, onstream gas flow conditions. There is also an accommodation to the conventional dirty gas chamber to efficiently receive high velocity, high volume induced air cleaning flow.