Abstract: The composition based on a discharge from an oil refining plant after a desulfurization of heavy oils in the oil refining plant using a catalyst, comprising: 80% or less of vanadium; 80% or less of molybdenum; 20% or less of nickel; 30% or less of cobalt; 99% or less of alumina; and a trace of the impurities, which is catalytically active to purify the exhaust of diesel vehicles. A filter or a washcoat made of the discharged catalyst composition alone or in combination with ordinary filtering materials or ordinary washcoat materials can be very useful for purification of smoke. In addition, a catalyst in which at least one metal of the platinum group is uniformly impregnated on the filter is quite superior to conventional ones employing alumina or titania as a washcoat in stability to both high temperature and sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: A homogeneous polyolefinic blend and a preparation process thereof, are provided wherein the blend comprises polyolefin and a polymer which has a barrier property to organic liquid and vapor permeability. The barrier property is improved through the inclusion of mixed compatibilizing substances comprising an alkylcarboxyl-substituted polymer and reactive low molecular weight compounds. The compatibilizing substances are included by the means of ordinary processing equipment. The polymer with the barrier property having low organic liquid and vapor permeability is distributed as a multitude of thin, wide, disc-like layers in a polyolefin phase. The compatibilizing substances minimize the interfacial energy between the two polymers to adhere them together.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of ester compound. It is distinguished by comprising reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid in the vapor state and at a temperature of 25.degree. to 55.degree. C., in the presence of lipase. Unlike production in aqueous solutions, the ester compounds prepared according to the method have no difficulty in separating from the reaction system because they are in the vapor state. Accordingly, the method is suitable for mass production.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved process for preparing chiral or racemic phenylalaninol (PAO) by hydrogenation of L(+)- or racemic 2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol (APPD) in the presence of a strong volatile acid. Furthermore, a more valuable form of PAO such like N-blocked PAO was found to be directly produceable from the hydrogenation mixture without isolation of PAO, when a volatile acid was used as the medium of the hydrogenation reaction.