Abstract: A number of individual samples from a batch of textile material are tested in the form of a test series. During each test series, at least one type of data obtained for each individual sample is stored digitally, and after n individual samples have been tested this data is displayed in the form of a collective chart containing n suitably arranged individual curves. This type of display does away with the use of a chart recorder with its known disadvantages and enables a printer to be used. Also, since the data can be displayed in the form of a collective chart, pauses between individual measurements, which would otherwise occur due to the relatively low printing speed of the printer, and which would greatly reduce the output of the test installation, do not occur.

Abstract: The yarn (3) is illuminated by a transmitter (1) and the light reflected by the yarn surface is fed to a detector (5) and evaluated, the optical path being selected such that the receiver (5) receives light only from that side of the yarn (3) that is not illuminated.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a compression member (T) and a measuring device arranged thereon for measuring the thickness of a fibre sliver passing through a measuring duct (4). The measuring device is formed by a leaf spring (BF) provided with resistance strain gauges. The measuring duct (4) is provided in a measuring member (MT) arranged removably on the sliver hopper (T) and the measuring member is equipped with a compressed air nozzle (19).Simple range adaptation to varying sliver numbers can thus be effected, on the one hand, and the measuring member can easily be cleaned and cooled, on the other hand.

Abstract: An solid-state electricity meter includes an electronic measuring unit with an analog/digital converter which receives signals from amplifiers for various measurement ranges, and a control section with a microcomputer wherein the meter signal is processed, taking into account correction factors for the various elements of the circuit. Each correction factor is a single value for each respective measurement range, and the correction factors for each range are contained in corresponding meter-characteristic quantities which are stored in the electricity meter. Each meter-characteristic quantity represents a measurement value corresponding to a specific quantity of energy. Only a few (e.g., only 4) meter-characteristic quantities need be stored in the electricity meter. These meter-characteristic quantitites can be determined in a conventional calibration procedure, and they enable all the fixed errors of the signal processing to be compensated.

Abstract: A tying machine includes a tying device, grippers for two groups of warp threads (K.sub.a, K.sub.n) which are to be tied together and a device for separating the outermost warp thread of each group and moving it out of the plane of the warp. In the region between the separating device and a gripper, the warp threads are guided over a thread guide where the outermost warp thread is deflected and moved out of the plane of the warp. A measuring device for measuring the force exerted by a deflected warp thread on the point of deflection or on the separating device is arranged in the region of deflection, and the signal of this measuring device serves as criterion for the presence of a double thread. The measuring device may be a piezoelectric pressure convertor or an elongation measuring strip or a piezo sensor which is sensitive to deflection. Thus, the measuring device is virtually unaffected by dirt or dust.

Abstract: To measure the tension in a set of threads (10) or a warp (11) in a loom or the like, a vibrating device (20) which is rotatable about an axis (23) is moved into the vicinity of the web of material so that the material is thereby slightly deflected from its straight line course. The vibrating device (20) is set into oscillating movement by an excitation device (30). The frequency (f.sub.o) at which the vibration of the device (20) becomes established is directly dependent upon the tension P in the group of threads or the fabric, and this tension can therefore be determined from the frequency f.sub.o. The vibrating device (20) may also be set into its intrinsic vibration at an intrinsic frequency f.sub.o simply by the threads (10) or fabric (11) gliding over its surface (24), and this frequency can be measured by means of a sensor (34) and transducer (35). A particularly advantageous construction of the vibrating device (20) consists of a plate with a notch (26) lying on a knife edge (27).

Abstract: A measuring head has a coil and a contact part for contacting an insulating layer whose thickness is to be measured. The construction and arrangment of the coil are so chosen that in the region of the end face of the contact part, the geometric locations of the points of the conductor which produce an identical change in inductance of the coil lie on concentric circles. The end face of the contact part has a contour which conforms to these concentric circles. Measurement of the thickness of an insulating layer such as a cable sheath thereby becomes independent of the relative position between the measuring head and the material being measured. Accurate guidance of the cable is no longer necessary.

Abstract: The apparatus contains two fixed ultrasound transmitters, an ultrasound receiver forming part of the movable object, and a calculator. A trigger signal from the calculator releases ultrasonic pulses on the ultrasound transmitters and the calculator determines the coordinates of the ultrasound receiver and hence of the movable object from the times required for the ultrasonic pulses to travel from the ultrasound transmitters to the ultrasound receiver and from the distance between the ultrasound transmitter. The apparatus is suitable in particular for controlling the cursor on a screen by means of a so-called "mouse" and enables precise determination of position and accurate and simple calculation of coordinates and may therefore be used as so-called "digitizer" for geometric data processing.

Abstract: Vehicles are measured and photographed from the direction in which they are travelling by a Doppler radar speed measuring device equipped with a camera. During a measuring stage after the vehicle enters the radar beam, a measured speed value is determined and when this exceeds a specific limit value, the camera is triggered. The Doppler signal for checking the measured speed value is then further evaluated over a verification distance. If the measured speed value is confirmed then it is printed on the photograph at the end of the verification distance, if it has not been confirmed, then a cancellation indicator is printed. The film is then advanced and the detection of the entry of another vehicle is awaited. As a result of this checking of the measured speed value, the measuring reliability when registering oncoming vehicles is substantially increased and overtaking in particular can be detected in the range of the radar beam.

Abstract: A stopping mechanism includes a brake device for an insertion device and a detector for determining the position of the insertion device. The detector includes a sensor which subjects the insertion device to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range and operates on the Doppler principle. The position of the insertion device is determined by counting the number of crossover points of the Doppler signal in relation to a reference position. The detector has a high degree of resolution and is particularly suitable for looms using gripper shuttles. It is also highly flexible in the location in which the sensor may be arranged in the stopping mechanism.

Abstract: A rapidly reacting measuring element is used at the delivery of the drafting zone on autolevelling drawframes used in the textile industry, which makes it possible to superimpose on the signal thus obtained from the measuring element by means of an electronic system a further measurement signal at the delivery of the drawing passage and thus correct the parameters governing the drafting values in such a way that even short-term variations in cross-section of the textile material are levelled out. The critical factors here are especially the delay time T of the textile material between the correcting element (pair of drafting rollers with variable speed of rotation) and the measuring element and also the overall amplification V of the measurement signal.

Abstract: A sample stream is conditioned by the addition of reagents and the ion concentration is measured by means of a measuring system which can be connected to an arrangement for releasing an appropriate calibrating substance. The calibrating substance used is a soluble glass for the defined release of a known quantity of the ions to be measured, and the reference concentration is established directly in the sample stream. There is therefore no need for a calibrating solution or a metering pump for the latter, and disturbances due to the undesired transfer of impurities and reactive ions are avoided. The method is particularly suitable for the analysis of Na.sup.+, the soluble glass being a sodium polyphosphate glass.

Abstract: For monitoring stranding machines for breakage or run-out of single strands, a device is employed which checks the rope or cable after stranding for uniformity of the rope or cable surface. For this purpose, an electrical image of the rope or cable surface is read into a memory and the measured values compared with this stored pattern during the further stranding process. In the event of deviations resulting from this comparison, disconnecting or other actuating elements are actuated in order to avoid the production of further faulty lengths of rope or cable. For reflection measurements, electromagnetic, optical or acoustic waves can be employed. Instead of scanning of the rope or cable surface based on reflection, corpuscular radiation which partially penetrates the rope or cable can be employed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the tension on textile fabrics in a textile machine especially a loom. At least a part of a fabric is subjected to simultaneous transverse deflections, the speed of propagation of the simultaneous transverse deflections along the fabric is determined, and the tension on the fabric is determined in accordance with the determined speed of propagation. An exciter and a receiver is utilized for initiating the transverse deflections and determining the speed of propagation thereof.

Abstract: Device for the determination of the amount of substance or the density of fiber structures, which utilizes the elastic properties of the fiber material. By means of a sphere which is positioned in a conical opening in a duct through which the fibers pass and which presses on the fibers with a part of its surface, a nozzle is throttled, so that the pressure on the nozzle represents a measure for the force on the sphere. This pressure is in a definite relationship to the fiber pressure on the sphere and can be measured with a pressure measuring device and transformed into an electrical signal by means of a normal commercially-available converter. A small groove in the wall of the duct behind the sphere avoids the attachment of fibers between the sphere and the opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the velocity of a moving object. Measuring beams composed of sequences of optical pulses are directed towards the object which is to be measured and follow such object. Based upon transit time measurements of reflected pulses there are formed distance values and distance difference values. While taking into account the time interval of the pulse sequence there are computed velocity measuring values and velocity values computed from homogeneous groups of values are displayed as reliable velocity values.

Abstract: An apparatus controls the titer of synthetic fiber tows by an optical measurement of the cross section of the tow. A ray beam which illuminates the tow from one side is directed towards a photodiode row, on which the tow throws its shadow. The number of photodiode elements of the diode row lying in the shadow produces a measurement for the cross section of the tow. In order to eliminate the form effect of the tows, they may be provided with a false twist by a twisting device or a suitable thread guide may be provided. In order to use the photodiode row in an improved manner, several tows may be guided next to each other and may be measured using one and the same lens system.

Abstract: The present method relates to the measurement of fibrous material, such as slivers and rovings, by ultrasonics. By a suitable arrangement of a sound source and a sound pick-up with the fibrous material disposed therebetween, only those sound waves arrive at the sound pick-up which have penetrated the fibrous material. All lagging disturbing signals which are generated by reflections and interferences are suppressed by the pulsed operation of the sound source and by the corresponding gating of the sound pick-up, as a result of which, the value to be measured, namely, the quantity of fibers present at any time in the measuring data, is substantially free from disturbing influences. This measured value may be used as a value for the cross-sectional regularity, or as a controlled variable for the production of regular rovings or slivers.