Abstract: A dispersant of general Formula I T—(A)n(B)p—Z   (1) wherein T is hydrogen or a polymerisation terminating group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety containing either an acidic or basic group; A and B are each, independently, oxyalkylene carbonyl groups derivable from &dgr;-valerolactone, &egr;-caprolactone or alkyl substituted &egr;-caprolactone provided that both are not &egr;-caprolactone or &dgr;-valerolactone; n and p are integers; and n+p is from 2 to 100; including salts thereof. Specific examples of dispersants are the reaction product of lauric acid, &dgr;-caprolactone, 7-methyl-&egr;-caprolactone with PEI, the reaction product of lauric acid, &egr;-caprolactone, &dgr;-valerolactone with PEI and the phosphate of the reaction product of dodecanol, &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone.

Abstract: A composition of copper phthalocyanines containing, on average, from 0.1 to 3 methyl groups per phthalocyanine nucleus. The composition is suitable for the coloration of paints and plastics materials.

Abstract: A dispersant for aqueous mill-bases obtainable by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a molar excess of a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 17 carbon atoms or lactone thereof and/or with a C3-4-alkylene oxide to form a polymeric diol and phosphating the diol. The preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid or lactone is &egr;-caprolactone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbapenems and provides a compound of the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof wherein: R1 is 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-fluoroethyl or hydroxymethyl; R2 is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R3 is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, C1-4alkylaminosulphonyl, di-C1-4-alkylaminosulphonyl, carbamoyl, C1-4alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-4 alkylcarbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, sulphonic acid, amino, C1-4alkylamino, di-C 14alkylamino, C1-4alkanoylamino, C1-4alkanoyl(H-C1-4alkyl)amino, C1-4alkanesulphonamido and C1-4alkylS(O)n— wherein n is zero, one or two: with the proviso that there is no hydroxy or carboxy substituent in a position ortho to the link to —NR3—.

Abstract: Biocidal proteins isolated from seeds have been characterised, in particular proteins isolated from members of the Brassicaceae, Compositae and Leguminosae families including Raphanus, Brassica, Sinapis, Arabidopsis, Dahlia, Cnicus, Lathyrus and Clitoria. The proteins show a wide range of antifungal activity and some are active against Gram-positive bacteria. All share a common amino acid sequence. DNA encoding the proteins has been isolated and incorporated into vectors. Plants transformed with this DNA may be produced. The proteins find commercial application as antifungal or antibacterial agents; transformed plants will show increased disease-resistance.

Abstract: The invention concerns pharmacologically useful peptide derivatives of the formula (I): P-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6-AA7-AA8-Q, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein either AA3 together with AA4, or AA4 together with AA5, or AA6 together with AA7 form a group of formula (II): in which Ra is selected from hydrogen and (1-4C)alkyl, and the remainder of AA1, AA2, AA3, AA4, AA5, AA6, AA7, and AA8 are L-amino acid residues; P is a hydrophobic residue; and Q is OH, NH2 or NRcRd. The invention further concerns processes for the manufacture of the novel peptide derivatives and the use of the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them, in treating MHC class II dependent T-cell mediated autoimmllne or inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The invention relates to quinazoline derivatives of formula (I) wherein: Z represents —O—, —NH— or —S—; m is an integer from 1 to 5; R1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, nitro, trifluorometlyl, cyano, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, C1-3alkylthio or NR5R6 (wherein R5 and R6, which may be the same or different, each represents hydrogen or C1-3alkyl); R2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, halogeno, methoxy, amino, or nitro; R3 represents hydroxy, halogeno, C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, C1-3alkanoyloxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, amino or nitro; X1 represents —O—, —CH2—, —S—, —SO—, SO2—, —NR6—, NR8CO—, —CONR9—SO2NR10— or —NR11SO2—, (wherein R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 each represents C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxyC2-3alkyl); R4 represents a group which is alkenyl, alkynyl or optionally substituted alkyl, which alkyl group may contain a heteroatom linking group, which alkenyl, alkynyl or al

Abstract: 3-Isochromanome is prepared by reacting an o-xylene-&agr;,&agr;′-dihalide with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a metal catalyst such that the pH of the reaction is maintained between about 7 and 11.

Abstract: Oil is extracted from oil containing microorganisms by disintegrating the microorganisms and contacting them in the presence of a water content of at least 70% by weight of that originally present in the cellular material with a water immiscible solvent for the oil, separating the solvent from the microorganisms and recovering the oil from the solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of formula (I): wherein A represents a bidentate group of formula —CH2—X—CH2— (wherein X is methylene, sulfur or oxygen), X′C═CY or X′WC—CYZ (wherein X′, W, Y and Z are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkylsilyloxy, cyano or halogen, or X′ and W or Y and Z together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl group), provided that A is not CH2—CH2; Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system containing from 1 to 3 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, and at least one unsaturation (double bond) between adjacent atoms in the ring, said heterocyclic ring being optionally fused to a benzene ring; aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkanyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl, ca

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I): wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl wherein the substutuents, if present, are selected from halogen atoms, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, alkylthio and alkyl amino groups; R represents hydrogen or cyano or a group selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl, carbamyl, dithiocarboxyl or XR3 (where X represents oxygen or a group NR4); R3 and R4 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, heterocyclylalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or carboxylic acyl each of which may be optionally substituted; R1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, nitro, isocyanato, acylamino, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, halohydroxyalkyl, aralky

Abstract: Male sterility is imparted to a plant by a cascade of gene sequences which expresses a protein which disrupts the biosynthesis of viable pollen. Expression of the disrupter protein is restricted to male parts of the plant by an upstream promoter sequence which is specific to male flowers, the male specific promoter being under control of an operator sequence. The cascade also includes a gene encoding a repressor protein specific for that operator. Expression of the repressor protein is under control of a chemically inducible promoter which is inducible by the application to the plant by, spraying or like process, of an exogenous chemical. In the absence of the exogenous chemical inducer, no repressor protein is expressed, resulting in expression of the disrupter protein and, consequently, male sterility.

Abstract: A fungicidal compound having general formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein A is CH or N, B is OCH3 or NHCH3, R1 is H, chloro or methyl and R2 is H, fluoro, chloro or methyl.

Abstract: A process for resolution of a mixture of dihydroxydihydroindene enantiomers comprising treating the mixture of enantiomers with a Pseudomonas putida species microorganism.Resolved dihydroxydihydroindenes are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Abstract: A process for preparing agrochemical intermediates of formula (I), wherein W is (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CH.CHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 O.CH.dbd.CCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; Z.sup.1 is a halogen atom; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alky, C alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl; the process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, with a compound of formula ROCH.sub.3, wherein R is a metal; and, (b) reacting the product of (a) with a compound of formula (III), wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are halogen atoms. A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (II) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen.

Abstract: 4,6-Dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with a chlorinating agent of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 PCl.sub.2 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl or aryl, or one or more of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is linked to a polymer support. Conveniently, the chlorinating agent may be prepared in situ by reacting the corresponding phosphine oxide with phosgene. Thus, in a preferred process, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a phosphine oxide.

Abstract: 5-Chloro-2-(4,4-difluorobutylthio)thiazole is prepared from 2-mercaptotriazole by a multistep process involving S-alkylation, chlorination and dehydrochlorination and is converted by oxidation to the corresponding sulfone which is useful as an agricultural nematicide.

Abstract: A process for preparing (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-(-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate comprising contacting (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate or methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3,3-dimethoxypropanoate with 2-cyanophenate anions, the process being conducted in the absence of copper or a copper salt and in the absence of N,N-dimethylformamide. The 2-cyanophenate anions are generated in situ by reacting 2-cyanophenol with an alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: Microcapsules containing a biologically active material which is sensitive to ultraviolet light are prepared which contain an ultraviolet light protectant selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and mixtures thereof, suspended and thoroughly dispersed in a liquid.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of a metal from an organic complex thereof, said method comprising treating the complex with a weakly acid aqueous solution of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium chloride having a chloride content of at least 4 molar whereby said complex is decomposed and metal ions are transferred to the aqueous solution.