Abstract: The invention proposes an elbow/countercurrent classifier by means of which a pneumatically introduced bulk-material stream can be separated into coarse fractions and fine materials. In order to increase the efficiency of the classifier as regards the separating action, a wall profile which results in increased turbulence of the gas streams is selected, in particular, in the region of the acceleration section and of the classifying section which adjoins the latter at the bottom. This produces a rise in the air velocity in the vicinity of the wall and thus an air velocity which is constant over the cross section.

Abstract: A method of advancing material through a conveying conduit and blowing the conveying conduit free of material after conclusion of material conveyance includes the following steps: passing a conveying gas through a conveying conduit with a first flow rate for transporting the material therein; after conclusion of the conveying step, passing the conveying gas through a first gas inlet of an injector; drawing additional gas into the injector through a second inlet thereof by the conveying gas entering the injector through the first inlet; and passing a mixture of the conveying gas and the additional gas with a second flow rate, which is greater that the first flow rate, from the outlet of the injector through the conveying conduit for blowing the conveying conduit free of material.

Abstract: A loading apparatus for bulk material includes a loading tube having a longitudinal axis, an outer tube surface, an inner tube surface and a material discharge end; a deflection body having an outer body surface and being arranged generally coaxially with the loading tube at the material discharge end thereof. The deflection body is situated partially inside and partially outside of the loading tube. The outer body surface and the inner tube surface together define an annular channel surrounding the longitudinal axis. The outer body surface and the inner tube surface each has a terminal peripheral portion together defining a circumferential, deflecting and accelerating duct forming part of the annular channel and terminating in an annular outlet slot surrounding the longitudinal axis. The terminal peripheral portion of the outer body surface is oriented away from the longitudinal axis such as to effect a radially outward flow of the bulk material from the loading tube.

Abstract: A device is proposed which has a nozzle, in particular constructed to resemble a Laval nozzle, as a control device for setting a prescribed fluid mass flow and in which for the purpose of varying the flowing gas quantity the nozzle cross section or the nozzle geometry can be variably set during operation.