Abstract: Methods of data encryption using a mutating encryption key are disclosed. The methods generate an encryption key and utilize a codex to mutate or vary the encryption key value. The encryption key may be generated using a random number generator. The encryption key value in pre-mutation state, together with the codex, is used to generate the next valid value for the encryption key. Unencrypted message data may be used together with the codex to mutate the encryption key. A valid encryption key and the unencrypted or successfully deciphered message are thus required to mutate the encryption key to the next key post-mutation state at each end.

Abstract: A method and system for converting database applications into blockchain applications is disclosed. Multiple applications on different nodes can automatically perform global data consensus to prevent data conflicts using the embodiments described. One method involves monitoring databases as they is modified by database applications, to extract data operations from transaction logs, convert the data operations to a general format, and activate the smart contract on the blockchain to complete the data consensus check at multiple nodes. Each node monitors the blocks on blockchain and synchronizes the data back to database. In the case of conflicting data, the data is not able to pass consensus and synchronize with the other nodes in the blockchain. The local nodes automatically roll back when detecting invalid data.

Abstract: A blockchain based system and method of data backup and recovery, for use with a conventional data store is disclosed. The system includes a blockchain that includes one or more nodes and a storage adaptation layer. The storage adaptation layer is in data communication with the blockchain and the data store, stores data from the data storage into the blockchain. The data store may be a relational database managing system or other type of data store. The system further includes a recovery adaptation layer configured to restore data in the blockchain to the data store.

Abstract: A system and method for distributed settlement of a transaction among a plurality of participants without smart contracts is disclosed. The method utilizes a system that includes: a plurality of blockchains each having a plurality of nodes; and a coordinator for transferring messages between the nodes and maintaining status values so that all operations of the transaction are either committed or rolled back. The method includes: receiving a request for the transaction generated from one of the participants; posting the transaction request on a billboard; reading the transaction request by the nodes from the billboard; synchronizing among the participants; receiving transaction votes from the participants to either commit or roll back the request; and executing the transaction based on the transaction votes by either committing transaction or rolling back the request.

Abstract: A system for implementing distributed blockchain transactions that includes: a first participant blockchain comprising a first node; second participant blockchain comprising a second node; and a coordinator blockchain comprising a coordinator node is disclosed. The distributed transaction involves a first transaction on the first participant blockchain, and a second transaction on the N second participant blockchain.

Abstract: This patent describes a complete blockchain email system that supports both internal and cross-chain emails with the potential to interact with non-blockchain email systems. Through this method, as long as the sender or the recipient of the email is a blockchain mailbox, the email information will be recorded in the blockchain to ensure the authenticity of the email. Moreover, when blockchain mailboxes exchange messages, the email information will be encrypted and stored in distributed storage where only the recipient can obtain the unique cypher key and storage location of the email, thereby ensuring the security of email transmissions.

Abstract: A method for generating fair and effective random numbers for smart contracts, which effectively mitigates certain problems associated with conventional methods while achieving verifiable and non-tamperable random number generation is disclosed. The concept behind the disclosed method treats miners as being not trustworthy, and presumes that the number of miners in the blockchain is limited. With sufficient motivation, miners can reach a consensus to manipulate the block. The goal is thus to create a verifiable fair Random Number Generator. Under this condition, as long as at least one of the parties to the smart contract is credible and does not misuse the confidential information, a trusted blockchain random number can be generated. After the last disclosure of the random number, the verification signature submitted by parties to the contract can be used to confirm that the random number calculation process is credible.

Abstract: A method for augmenting a database application with blockchain technology is disclosed. The method involves recording data modifications made by a database application into a corresponding database as well as on a blockchain for global consensus confirmation. This is done without changing the existing application architecture and with minimal code changes to the existing application. Records in the database requiring synchronization with the blockchain are subjected to consensuses voting, and unauthorized database changes are rolled back, thereby granting immutability and non-repudiation characteristics to a traditional database application. Records in databases are thus made globally consistent. An existing database application can be deployed on a blockchain without significantly modifying the code. Multiple applications can synchronize data through a common blockchain, which greatly simplifies building blockchain applications.