Abstract: It is provided a recognition device for analyzing a starvation extent of a whiteleg shrimp based on underwater imaging, including a bracket, a camera mounted on a top of the bracket, a plurality of light sources for illumination, and a processor connected with the camera. The processor receives a shrimp image collected by the camera, extracts an edge image of the shrimp after the collected shrimp image is preprocessed, and calculates a movement speed of the shrimp and a quantity of baits after a head and a tail are recognized, to recognize starvation extent of the shrimp. It is also provided a recognition method for analyzing starvation extent of the whiteleg shrimp based on underwater imaging. The present disclosure may guide feeders to feed and realize reasonable culture for the shrimp, by capturing images of the shrimp in time and determining starvation the extent of shrimp.