Abstract: The present invention relates to a pest monitoring method based on machine vision. The method includes the following steps: arranging a pest trap at a place where pests gather, and setting an image acquisition device in front of the pest trap to acquire an image; identifying a pest in the acquired image, and obtaining a number of pests; extracting multiple suspicious pest images from a region of each identified pest in the image, and determining identification accuracy of each suspicious pest image, if the number of pests is greater than or equal to a preset threshold for the number of pests; and calculating a predicted level of pest damage based on the number of pests and the identification accuracy of each suspicious pest image. The present invention acquires a pest image automatically through the image acquisition device in front of the pest trap.