Abstract: A method for producing an aqueous solution containing nickel or cobalt includes: (A) a leaching step, which includes a first atmospheric pressure heating leaching step and a second atmospheric pressure heating leaching step, in which a raw material is heated and leached under an atmospheric pressure to form a leachate solution containing nickel, cobalt, and impurities; (B) a first extraction step of separating the leachate solution into a first filtrate containing nickel and impurities and a first organic layer containing cobalt and impurities by adding a first solvent extractant to the leachate solution; (C-i) a precipitation removal step of precipitating and removing impurities including magnesium, calcium, or a mixture thereof by adding a precipitating agent to the first filtrate; and (D-i) a target material precipitation step of selectively precipitating a nickel cake containing nickel by adding a neutralizing agent to the first filtrate.

Abstract: A method for generating a metallic particle slurry in a regenerator, the method comprising the steps of: (a) generating metallic particles on a surface of a cathode by applying a forward current for a forward current period; (b) displacing the metallic particles from the surface of the cathode by applying a displacement force for a displacement period; (c) dissolving residual metallic particles by applying a reverse current for a reverse current period; (d) providing a plurality of regenerator cells; and (e) establishing an airlock by isolating aqueous electrolyte between cavities of regenerator cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods for energy storage system are provided. The system includes a particle regeneration subsystem for applying electrical energy to regenerate metallic particulate fuel; a fuel storage subsystem for storing metallic particulate fuel, the fuel storage subsystem in fluid communication with the particle regeneration subsystem; and a power generation subsystem for producing electrical energy from the metallic particulate fuel, the power generation subsystem in fluid communication with the fuel storage subsystem; a bearer electrolyte for transporting the metallic particulate fuel through the particle regeneration subsystem, the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem; and a control unit configured to independently control flow of the bearer electrolyte between the particle regeneration subsystem and the fuel storage subsystem, and the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem.

Abstract: An apparatus which can include a cathode membrane for a power source is provided. The power source can include a current collector which can include a porous substrate. The power source can include a layer that coats the porous substrate to provide a catalyst for the cathode membrane. The layer can be formed from a mixture of hausmannite and cation intercalated manganese oxide.

Abstract: Systems and methods for energy storage system are provided. The system includes a particle regeneration subsystem for applying electrical energy to regenerate metallic particulate fuel; a fuel storage subsystem for storing metallic particulate fuel, the fuel storage subsystem in fluid communication with the particle regeneration subsystem; and a power generation subsystem for producing electrical energy from the metallic particulate fuel, the power generation subsystem in fluid communication with the fuel storage subsystem; a bearer electrolyte for transporting the metallic particulate fuel through the particle regeneration subsystem, the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem; and a control unit configured to independently control flow of the bearer electrolyte between the particle regeneration subsystem and the fuel storage subsystem, and the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem.

Abstract: A method for generating a metallic particle slurry in a regenerator, the method comprising the steps of: (a) generating metallic particles on a surface of a cathode by applying a forward current for a forward current period; (b) displacing the metallic particles from the surface of the cathode by applying a displacement force for a displacement period; (c) dissolving residual metallic particles by applying a reverse current for a reverse current period; (d) providing a plurality of regenerator cells; and (e) establishing an airlock by isolating aqueous electrolyte between cavities of regenerator cells.

Abstract: A regenerator cell for regenerating metallic particles is provided. The regenerator cell includes: a housing for containing a quantity of electrolyte; an anode; a cathode; a cavity at least partially defined by the housing, the cathode and the anode; an inlet port for supplying electrolyte to the cell, the inlet port in fluid communication with the cavity; and an outlet port for expelling electrolyte, particles and/or gas from the cell, the outlet port in fluid communication with the cavity.

Abstract: A method of charging a metal-air fuel cell. The method includes a step of orienting an anode chamber horizontally. The method further method includes a step of providing metal particles suspended in an electrolyte to flow through the anode chamber in a downstream direction oriented horizontally. The method further method includes a step of allowing a bed of the metal particles to form on the anode current collector. The plurality of particle collectors perturb the flow of electrolyte through the anode chamber and encourage settling of the particles one of on and between the particle collectors. The method further method includes a step of maintaining uniform formation of the bed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for energy storage system are provided. The system includes a particle regeneration subsystem for applying electrical energy to regenerate metallic particulate fuel; a fuel storage subsystem for storing metallic particulate fuel, the fuel storage subsystem in fluid communication with the particle regeneration subsystem; and a power generation subsystem for producing electrical energy from the metallic particulate fuel, the power generation subsystem in fluid communication with the fuel storage subsystem; a bearer electrolyte for transporting the metallic particulate fuel through the particle regeneration subsystem, the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem; and a control unit configured to independently control flow of the bearer electrolyte between the particle regeneration subsystem and the fuel storage subsystem, and the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem.

Abstract: Systems and methods to overcome limited efficiency of energy storage and recovery processes in fuel cells are provided. The system include a particle regeneration subsystem for applying electrical energy to regenerate metallic particulate fuel; a fuel storage subsystem for storing metallic particulate fuel, the fuel storage subsystem in fluid communication with the particle regeneration subsystem; and a power generation subsystem for producing electrical energy from the metallic particulate fuel, the power generation subsystem in fluid communication with the fuel storage subsystem; a bearer electrolyte for transporting the metallic particulate fuel through the particle regeneration subsystem, the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem; and a control unit configured to independently control flow of the bearer electrolyte between the particle regeneration subsystem and the fuel storage subsystem, and the fuel storage subsystem and the power generation subsystem.

Abstract: A method of recovering iron from a zinc sulfate solution according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is associated with recovering iron from a zinc sulfate solution produced by a leaching process in which zinc ore is dissolved in sulfuric acid. The method comprises a conditioning process including a step of reducing a conditioning process input solution, which is the zinc sulfate solution, and an iron precipitation process for recovering iron as hematite, including a step of pressurizing and oxidizing an iron precipitation process input solution discharged from the conditioning process. The iron precipitation process is performed at a temperature ranging from 135° C. to 150° C. and a pressure ranging from 5 barg to 10 barg.

Abstract: A method of charging a metal-air fuel cell. The method includes a step of orienting an anode chamber horizontally. The method further method includes a step of providing metal particles suspended in an electrolyte to flow through the anode chamber in a downstream direction oriented horizontally. The method further method includes a step of allowing a bed of the metal particles to form on the anode current collector. The plurality of particle collectors perturb the flow of electrolyte through the anode chamber and encourage settling of the particles one of on and between the particle collectors. The method further method includes a step of maintaining uniform formation of the bed.

Abstract: A method for production of potassium antimony tartrate by utilizing one or more residues bearing antimony includes the step of leaching of the one or more residues bearing antimony for a first pre-determined time interval in each of one or more jacketed reactors. In addition, the method includes filtering obtained slurry from a leached solution of the one or more residues products bearing antimony to obtain an aqueous solution and a solid residue. The method also includes crystallizing the obtained aqueous solution to form one or more crystals of the potassium antimony tartrate in a jacketed crystallizer. The antimony contained in the one or more residues is in an oxidic form and the oxidic form of the antimony is more than 20%. The solid residue is a leached cake.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing of paver block and bricks includes addition of cementitious materials, additives, and binding materials. The method also includes homogenization of the added materials to obtain a first mixture, addition of a hardener solution to the first mixture, mixing the first mixture with the hardener solution for 5 to 30 minutes to obtain a second mixture, casting the second mixture into a mold to obtain a solidified part, and curing the solidified part in atmospheric air.

Abstract: A fuel cell having a cathode, cathode chamber, anode and anode chamber. The anode chamber is at least partially defined by an anode current collector. The cathode chamber is at least partially defined by the cathode. The anode chamber includes one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction. The anode current collector may include a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte.

Abstract: A vertical autoclave according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is a vertical autoclave including an inlet port through which a process solution is introduced, an outlet port through which the process solution is discharged, an oxygen inlet port through which oxygen is supplied to the process solution, an agitator configured to mix the process solution, an inner wall, an acid-resistant brick layer lined on a lower portion and a side portion of the inner wall, and an acid-resistant metal layer lined on an upper portion of the inner wall. A method of removing salt from an autoclave includes raising a surface level of a solution in the autoclave from a first level to a second level such that salt in the autoclave is immersed in the solution, and maintaining the surface level of the solution at the second level. The salt is dissolved in the solution while the surface level of the solution is maintained at the second level.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing of paver block and bricks. The method includes addition of cementitious materials. In addition, the method includes addition of conventional aggregates. Further, the method includes addition of additives. Furthermore, the method includes addition of binding materials. Moreover, the method includes homogenization of the added materials to obtain a first mixture. Also, the method includes addition of a hardener solution to the first mixture. Also, the method includes mixing the first mixture with the hardener solution for 5 minute to 30 minute to obtain a second mixture. Also, the method includes casting the second mixture into a mould to obtain a solidified part. Also, the method includes curing the solidified part in atmospheric air.

Abstract: A method and recovering method of recovering zinc oxides and other metal oxides having an injection chamber where a mixture of natural gas and oxygen is formed and then ignited to form high temperature combustion gases of greater than 2000° C. with a high concentration of carbon monoxide. Then, the mixture is transported through a quiescent chamber to a feed chamber where the ignited high temperature combustion gases are mixed with finely divided material, including EAF dust. The mixture is transported to a reaction chamber, wherein zinc vapor and other metal vapors and molten slag particles are formed. The zinc vapor and other metal vapors are separated from the molten slag particles and transported to an insulated plenum. Zinc vapor and other metal vapors are mixed with air and become airborne zinc oxide and other metal oxides. The airborne zinc oxide and other metal oxides are collected.

Abstract: Contacts information is received from user devices that are associated with different users, the contacts information for each user device comprising one or more contact entries. Lookup information is identified for each contact entry of a plurality of contact entries using the contacts information. For each of the plurality of contact entries, a messaging directory associated with the same enterprise as the contact entry is identified using the identified lookup information, and the identified messaging directory is generated using information in the contact entry.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an optical transmitter and a method of operating an optical transmitter are disclosed. In one embodiment, the optical transmitter includes a laser and a laser driver configured to drive the laser using either a voltage driving topology (CDT) or a current-driving topology (VDT). The laser driver includes a switch that is configured to switch between the CDT and the CDT based on an operating frequency of the optical transmitter.