Abstract: A method of operating a redox flow battery includes a step of observing a difference in relative volume between the anolyte fluid volume and the catholyte fluid volume. The ionic molality of anolyte fluid is increased if the relative volume of the anolyte fluid decreases. A redox flow battery having balanced anolyte and catholyte initial ionic molalities is also provided.

Abstract: A flow cell battery system includes a plurality of stacked cells that include an anode plate and a cathode plate that are separated by a seal layer off an inner side of the anode plates and cathode plates. An outer side of the anode plates and cathode plates is disposed in an anolyte flow path and a catholyte flow path, respectively. A membrane acts as a barrier between the anolyte flow path and the catholyte flow path. A flow screen may be provided in the flow paths to mix the anolyte and catholyte in the respective flow paths.

Abstract: A stacked cell battery including anode plates and cathode plates that define an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber that are divided by a separator membrane. Perimeter flanges of the anode plate and cathode plate may define a seal retainer on the plate that extends between the perimeter flanges and the housing. Alternatively, an over-molded seal may be provided on the flanges of the anode plate and cathode plate that extends between the flanges and the housing.

Abstract: High performance flow batteries, based on alkaline zinc/ferro-ferricyanide rechargeable (“ZnFe”) and similar flow batteries, may include one or more of the following improvements. First, the battery design has a cell stack comprising a low resistance positive electrode in at least one positive half cell and a low resistance negative electrode in at least one negative half cell, where the positive electrode and negative electrode resistances are selected for uniform high current density across a region of the cell stack. Second, a flow of electrolyte, such as zinc species in the ZnFe battery, with a high level of mixing through at least one negative half cell in a Zn deposition region proximate a deposition surface where the electrolyte close to the deposition surface has sufficiently high zinc concentration for deposition rates on the deposition surface that sustain the uniform high current density.

Abstract: An energy storage cell charged and discharged by electrolyte fluid. The cell includes a module that comprises a wall that separates an anode plate from a cathode plate. An anode hub is connected to the anode plate and a cathode hub is connected to the cathode plate. The anode hub and cathode hub are assembled together through an opening in the wall. An electrical connector connects the anode hub to the cathode hub to electrically connect the anode plate to the cathode plate maintaining the plates on separate sides of the wall at the same electrical potential. A plurality of energy storage cells are connected together to provide a flow cell battery system.

Abstract: An energy storage system according to the present disclosure includes a cell having an electrode and a deposition facilitating structure proximate the electrode for facilitating deposition of material on the electrode. The deposition facilitating structure includes first and second outer layers and an intermediate support arrangement positioned between the outer layers and connected to the outer layers.

Abstract: A partial flow cell may include a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a separator arrangement sandwiched between the cathode and anode chambers. The separator arrangement may be configured to permit ionic flow between electroactive materials disposed within the cathode and anode chambers. One of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to permit an electroactive material to flow through the chamber during operation. The other of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to hold an electroactive material fixed within the chamber during operation.

Abstract: A partial flow cell may include a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a separator arrangement sandwiched between the cathode and anode chambers. The separator arrangement may be configured to permit ionic flow between electroactive materials disposed within the cathode and anode chambers. One of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to permit an electroactive material to flow through the chamber during operation. The other of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to hold an electroactive material fixed within the chamber during operation.

Abstract: A partial flow cell may include a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a separator arrangement sandwiched between the cathode and anode chambers. The separator arrangement may be configured to permit ionic flow between electroactive materials disposed within the cathode and anode chambers. One of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to permit an electroactive material to flow through the chamber during operation. The other of the cathode and anode chambers may be configured to hold an electroactive material fixed within the chamber during operation.