Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes first and second rotating members, a heater having a heating element and a substrate, and first and second contact members. A direction of a longer side on a surface of the substrate where the heating element is disposed is a longitudinal direction. A direction intersecting the longitudinal direction is a widthwise direction. The first contact member is disposed in a region outside a region where a maximum size recording material conveyed to a nip portion passes through the nip portion on one end side in the longitudinal direction on an outer circumferential surface of the first rotating member, and the second contact member is disposed in the region outside the region where the maximum size recording material conveyed to the nip portion passes through the nip portion on an other end side in the longitudinal direction on an outer circumferential surface of the second rotating member.

Abstract: A notification sending apparatus comprising: a self notification identifier attaching unit configured to attach a self notification identifier to each notification, the self notification identifier having at least a sending ordinal position identification function; a sent notification identifier attaching unit configured to attach, to each notification, the self notification identifier attached to a notification that was sent immediately before each notification, as a sent notification identifier; a sending unit configured to send a notification receiving apparatus the notifications, each of which is attached with the self notification identifier and the sent notification identifier; and a re-sending unit configured, upon receipt of a re-send request including a range specifying information from the notification receiving apparatus, to obtain at least one notification that has been sent and needs to be re-sent based on the range specifying information, and to re-send the at least one obtained notification to

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a crystalline material A, and a crystalline material B, wherein the binder resin contains a resin M in an amount of 70 mass % or more relative to the binder resin, the crystalline material A has a melting point of 50.0° C. to 100.0° C., and when, the difference between the SP value of the resin M and material A is designated as ?SPAM, the difference between the SP value of the resin M and crystalline material B is designated as ?SPBM, the difference between the SP value of the crystalline material A and crystalline material B is designated as ?SPAB, the peak molecular weight of the crystalline material A and crystalline material B is designated as MpA and MpB each, the formulae (1) to (3) are satisfied: 50?MpB×?SPBM2?MpA×?SPAM2?450??(1) MpA×?SPAM2?800??(2) ?SPAB?0.26??(3).

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an image sensor configured to output a plurality of images obtained by applying different gains in one exposure where a capacity of a charge accumulation portion for accumulating electric charges is common to all of the images, a first combining unit configured to acquire the plurality of images and perform combining by adjusting brightness of an image other than a darkest image with brightness of the darkest image among the plurality of images, a second combining unit configured to perform combining by adjusting brightness of an image other than a lightest image with brightness of a lightest image among the plurality of images, and a combining method selection unit configured to select the first or second combining unit.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a first unit including an image bearing member and a second unit including a developer bearing member. The second unit is swingable with respect to the first unit. The second unit includes a pressed portion to be pressed by a pressing member of the apparatus body. When viewed in an axial direction, (i) the swing axis and the pressed portion are arranged on opposite sides to each other with respect to a virtual straight line, (ii) the pressed portion, the swing axis, and the first axis are arranged in the named order in an interaxial direction, and (iii) a distance from the pressed portion to the swing axis in the interaxial direction is longer than a distance from the swing axis to the first axis in the interaxial direction.

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that can perform error notification with ease and at a low cost in a case where falsification of an activation program is detected. The information processing apparatus has a main CPU for executing various programs, a sub CPU for verifying falsification of the activation program of the main CPU and perform recovery processing for the falsification, a FLASH Memory for storing a boot code of the activation program, a hardware sequencer for selectively switching one of the main CPU and the sub CPU so as to be capable of accessing the FLASH Memory, and a LED having three types of notification patterns. The hardware sequencer causes notification of the LED to change one of the three types of notification patterns according to both states of a falsification detection determination signal and an UNDER_RECOVERY signal from the sub CPU.

Abstract: A communication apparatus configured to be able to perform multilink communications compliant with an IEEE 802.11 standard using a plurality of links, receives one or more frames transmitted through one or more links from each of a plurality of external apparatuses, discriminates an external apparatus that is a transmission source of the one or more frames based on a parameter included in each of the one or more frames, the discrimination unit discriminating, when two or more frames are received from one of the external apparatuses through two or more different links, the one of the external apparatus as the transmission source of the two or more frames, and decides a priority, in terms of communication connection, for the plurality of external apparatuses based on communication states of the two or more frames.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin is a crystalline resin having a melting point Tp of 50° C. to 90° C.; the second resin is an amorphous resin; in a cross section of the toner particle observed by a transmission electron microscope, the cross section of the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure composed of a matrix comprising the first resin and domains comprising the second resin; an area ratio of the matrix comprising the first resin in a total area of the cross section of the toner particle is 35 to 70 area %; and where a longest direction of each of the domains is taken as a longitudinal direction, a standard deviation of an angle of the longitudinal direction of the domains is 25° or less.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a computer executing instructions which, when executed by the computer, cause the information processing apparatus to: detect, from among a plurality of image capturing apparatuses, a first image capturing apparatus a state of which is changed from (a) automatic image capturing in which the first image capturing apparatus automatically tracks and captures a first object to (b) manual image capturing in which the first image capturing apparatus captures a second object different from the first object based on an instruction from a user, and cause a second image capturing apparatus from among the image capturing apparatuses other than the first image capturing apparatus to perform the automatic image capturing in which the second image capturing apparatus automatically tracks and captures the first object, in a case where the first image capturing apparatus is detected.

Abstract: A line-of-sight detection device according to the present invention includes: a lens; an image sensor disposed on an edge of the lens; and a plurality of light sources disposed along the edge of the lens, wherein in a 360° range around an optical axis of the lens, a number of light sources per degree is the maximum in a range on opposite side of the image sensor with respect to the optical axis of the lens.

Abstract: An image forming system includes an image forming apparatus and a management apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes a variable mechanism, a physical quantity detection unit that detects a change in physical quantity caused when a state of the variable mechanism changes, an abnormality detection unit that detects an abnormal condition, and a transmission unit that transmits detection results of the physical quantity detection unit and the abnormality detection unit to the management apparatus. The management apparatus includes a determination unit that determines a cause of the abnormal condition, and a notification unit that provides a notification that the abnormal condition is caused by a change in the state in accordance with a determination result. The determination unit determines that the abnormal condition is caused by a change in the state when the abnormal condition is detected after the change in physical quantity exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a printer capability acquiring unit of a general-purpose printer driver acquires, from a printer, definition information (definition for acquisition of apparatus-specific definition) for information acquisition specific to the printer, using definition information for information acquisition (definition for acquisition of apparatus-common information) commonly usable for various printers and independent of vendors or models, acquires, from the printer, configuration information specific to the printer, using the definition for acquisition of apparatus-specific information, and saves the configuration information in an extended information storage unit for each printer. The general-purpose printer driver controls the printer using the configuration information for the printer saved in the extended information storage unit.

Abstract: An image capture apparatus comprises an image sensor and an output interface that selectively outputs a main video stream obtained using the image sensor and a sub video stream input from outside. The image capture apparatus changes a resolution of the main video stream to be equal to a resolution of the sub video stream in a case where an output of the sub video stream from the output interface has been set to be enabled.

Abstract: In a case where both an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address are available in a printing apparatus, a Bluetooth low energy advertising packet including the available IPv4 address but not the available IPv6 address is generated and periodically transmitted.

Abstract: A control method for an information processing apparatus is provided. The method comprises receiving a designation of a number of divisions of an image; after a designation of a number of divisions equivalent to a first number has been received, executing predetermined processing related to a number of divisions equivalent to a second number different from the first number based on at least one of whether a specific region of the image is divided in the first number of divided images, which correspond to the image that has been divided by the number of divisions equivalent to the first number, and a percentage that a predetermined region in each of the first number of the divided images accounts for in the specific region; and after the predetermined processing, executing processing for printing a plurality of divided images corresponding to the divided.

Abstract: A display control system includes a first wireless device attached to a management target and storing first identification information for identifying the management target, a second wireless device installed at a predetermined position and storing second identification information, a reading apparatus, at least one processor, and at least one memory. The processor and memory are configured to estimate a located position of the management target based on reading results of the first identification information at a first reading time and the second identification information at a second reading time and cause a display apparatus to display an estimated area within which the management target is estimated to be located based on the located position. A magnitude of the estimated area is based on an amount of movement of the reading apparatus between the first reading time and the second reading time.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus controls a display to display a first item and a second item together with a captured image, each of the first item and the second item including a plurality of setting items. The information processing apparatus determines whether the captured image is a dual-lens image that includes a first area and a second area having a parallax with respect to the first area. The information processing apparatus: 1) controls the display to display both the first area and the second area at a first display magnification in a case where the first item is selected; and 2) controls the display to display only one of the first area and the second area at a second display magnification higher than the first display magnification in a case where the second item is selected.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a non-volatile semiconductor storage device storing a startup related program, a notification unit configured to provide notification of information, and a controller having one or more processors which executes instructions stored in one or more memories. The controller is configured to determine whether the startup related program is falsified, obtain life information of the semiconductor storage device, and determine whether the life information satisfies a condition. In a case where the controller determines that the startup related program is falsified and the life information satisfies the condition, the notification unit provides notification of at least information about a remaining life of the semiconductor storage device.

Abstract: An information processing device configured to transmit an image to an information management service includes a display control unit configured to display information indicating the information management service as a transmission destination of the image, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the image to the information management service in accordance with an operation performed by a user. The display control unit displays the information indicating the information management service differently in accordance with information about the user.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor component including a first circuit section and an interconnection connected to the first circuit section, and a second semiconductor component including a second circuit section and a third circuit section and stacked on the first semiconductor component. The interconnection is electrically connected to a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion of a plurality of connecting portions for electrically connecting the first semiconductor component and the second semiconductor component. The second circuit section is electrically connected to the interconnection via the first connecting portion. The third circuit section is electrically connected to the interconnection via the second connecting portion.

Abstract: Pixel values are read out of an OB pixel region under a predetermined exposure condition, and predetermined processing is performed on the pixel values to derive a dark current component value. The dark current component value of a segmented pixel region is estimated from the OB dark current component value by taking into account the difference between the exposure conditions of the OB pixel region and the segmented pixel region. Specifically, a conversion ratio for calculating the dark current component value from the OB dark current component value is derived based on the ratios between exposure time and gain in the exposure conditions of the two pixel regions. This conversion ratio is applied to the pixel values of the OB pixel region or the OB dark current component value calculated from them to thereby calculate an estimated dark current component value for the exposure condition of the segmented pixel region.

Abstract: A control device controls a display device so as to perform stereoscopic display in which a virtual object is disposed in a three-dimensional space, through right-eye display and left-eye display. The control device detects an object present in a field of vision of a user, in the three-dimensional space; detects a distance from the display device to the detected object; and controls the display device so as to perform the stereoscopic display, wherein a depth position of the virtual object is controlled by controlling a parallax of the virtual object between the right-eye display and the left-eye display, on a basis of a distance from the display device to a specific object that is present in a display direction of the virtual object, and that is an object closest to the display device.

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprising: a plurality of output units outputting arithmetic operation results; a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions causing the image processing apparatus to: acquire images from a plurality of mutually different viewpoints, perform an arithmetic operation for converting the acquired images into distance information, and perform control to output arithmetic operation results from the plurality of output units, wherein the processor assigns the plurality of arithmetic operation results requiring different amounts of arithmetic operation obtained in the arithmetic operation process to the plurality of output units, and selectively switches the arithmetic operation results to be assigned in accordance with an operation condition of the image processing apparatus.

Abstract: The communication apparatus stores a condition for excluding from a target of the name resolution using the encrypted communication. The communication apparatus requests, in a case where name resolution of a host name requested from an application is to be performed, a first Domain Name System (DNS) server to perform the name resolution of the host name via an encrypted communication path established with the first DNS server at least based on a fact that use of the encrypted communication is set. On the other hand, the communication apparatus requests a second DNS server to perform the name resolution of the host name by plain text based on a fact that non-use of the encrypted communication is set.

Abstract: A method of inkjet printing an elevated structure on a print medium includes depositing radiation curable marking material on the print medium, such that an array of spaced apart drops is formed, curing the spaced apart drops by irradiating the drops, forming the drops into a plurality of spaced apart, out-of-plane structures by repeatedly depositing a further drop of radiation curable marking material on each drop and curing the further drops, thereby adhering the further drops to the drop, wherein each repetition increases a height of the structures with respect to the surface. A backlight is provided behind the print medium to realize visual effects for an observer on the front side.

Abstract: A medical image processing apparatus according includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate, from a plurality of medical X-ray fluoroscopic images, a size of a thrombus removal device that has been placed in a blood vessel of a subject and appears in the medical X-ray fluoroscopic image. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate change information indicating a change in the size from the plurality of medical X-ray fluoroscopic images. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate first time information indicating a time period during which the thrombus removal device is left in place in the subject, based on the change information. The processing circuitry is configured to perform control to output the first time information.

Abstract: A method of handling sheets in a printing device including a processing assembly that processes passing sheets by applying a processing parameter that is associated with a media type of each passing sheet, includes determining that a sequence of at least one sheet that is to pass through the processing assembly is to remain blank and that the sequence is preceded or followed by a sheet that is to be printed upon, controlling the processing assembly to apply the processing parameter for the sheet to be printed upon to this sheet to be printed upon during the passage of this sheet through the processing assembly, and for the sequence of at least one sheet that is to remain blank, controlling the processing assembly to ignore the processing parameter during the passage of the sequence through the processing assembly.

Abstract: A gas impingement unit includes a gas source and an array of nozzles connected to the gas source and directed onto a support and transport surface arranged for supporting sheet-or web-like media and moving them in a transport direction past the array of nozzles. The nozzles are evenly distributed over an area of the support and transport surface. The array is an array of interleaved nozzles and vent openings. The vent openings are arranged for allowing gas that has been blown out from the nozzles to escape in a direction normal to the support and transport surface.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus operable to perform colorimetry using a colorimeter that performs colorimetry of a colorimetric target based on reflected light obtained by irradiating illumination light onto the colorimetric target. The information processing apparatus loads a control program of a connected colorimeter before confirming a colorimeter to be used for colorimetry, executes the control program and receives an operation event of an operation performed on the connected colorimeter, and in response to the operation event, controls so as to confirm the colorimeter as a colorimeter to be used, or cause the colorimeter to wait until usage preparation, or confirm the colorimeter as a colorimeter to be used and request execution of calibration.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of pixels each including a conversion element, and a shielding layer covering the conversion element, wherein the shielding layer is provided to cover at least a part of an aperture of the conversion element so that an aperture modulated transfer function (MTF) at a predetermined frequency of a signal obtained from the conversion element becomes less than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A printing apparatus receives designation of a use purpose via a user interface of the printing apparatus, controls execution of a job, and transmits a job log regarding the execution of the job to a server, wherein the job log includes information about the designated use purpose.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes a housing that includes an incidence surface and a back surface located on the opposite side of the incidence surface, a sensor panel that is housed in the housing and configured to convert radiation incident from the incidence surface into an electrical signal, a conductive plate that is housed in the housing and extends in a direction intersecting with a normal to the incidence surface, and an antenna element housed in the housing. The conductive plate is located between the sensor panel and the back surface. The antenna element is located between the conductive plate and the back surface. The antenna element includes a portion that extends in the direction intersecting with the normal to the incidence surface. The conductive plate is configured to function as a ground for the antenna element.

Abstract: Provided is a printing apparatus capable of reducing degradation of print quality. To this end, a chassis that guides movement of a carriage in an X-direction and a bridging member that connects the upper surface of a first sidewall and the upper surface of the chassis engage with and are positioned at a base and secured to the base with fastening members.

Abstract: A vibration damping apparatus configured to damp a vibration of a target member includes a mass body, a base disposed on the target member, a support member disposed on the base and configured to support the mass body, a housing disposed on the base so as to surround the support member, an elastic member disposed so as to form a space in the housing and configured to apply a force to the support member, and a control unit configured to control a pressure of a fluid in the space by supplying the fluid to the space based on a vibration state of the target member.

Abstract: The plurality of surface light emitting element array chips in the first row and the plurality of surface light emitting element array chips in the second row are arranged in a staggered manner along the main scanning direction, and a space between the plurality of surface light emitting element array chips in the first row and the plurality of surface light emitting element array chips in the second row is set so as not to be an integral multiple of an image resolution pitch in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ceramic article including (i) a step of irradiating a powder mainly containing a ceramic material with an energy beam to sinter or melt and solidify the powder into a solidified portion, wherein the step is repeated a predetermined number of times to sequentially bond the resulting solidified portions together to obtain a ceramic modeling object, (ii) a step of allowing the shaped ceramic object to absorb a metal component-containing liquid that contains inorganic particles containing a metal element; and (iii) a step of heating the shaped ceramic object that has absorbed the metal component-containing liquid.

Abstract: A waterproof camera system that can easily perform underwater image pickup and overwater image pickup. The waterproof camera system includes an image pickup apparatus, a waterproof casing that hermetically stores the image pickup apparatus. The image pickup apparatus includes a first housing that includes a lens unit and a second housing that holds the first housing. The waterproof casing includes a first section that surrounds a circumference of the first housing and a second section that surrounds a circumference of the second housing. The waterproof camera system has buoyancy that floats the waterproof camera system on a water surface in both a first posture in which the first section of the waterproof casing is in an underwater side and a second posture in which the first section is in an overwater side in a state where the image pickup apparatus is stored.

Abstract: A sheet feeder apparatus includes a width detector for a sheet placed on a sheet placement portion, a conveyor for conveying sheets while separating the sheets one by one, a first detector for detecting a sheet having a first width at a plurality of first positions, a second detector for detecting a sheet having a second width that is not detected by the first sheet detector at a plurality of second positions, and a controller for determining skewing of a sheet based on a result of the detection of the sheet performed by the first detector if the width of the sheet is the first width, and determining skewing of a sheet based on a result of the detection performed by the second detector if the width of the sheet is the second width.

Abstract: A processing apparatus comprises: an integrated circuit; a power supply unit connected to an external power supply and configured to perform power supply to the integrated circuit; and a power switch configured to switch a state of the processing apparatus based on power supplied from the power supply unit. The integrated circuit comprises a control unit configured to control a power state of the integrated circuit in a state in which power supply to the integrated circuit is being performed by the power supply unit.

Abstract: A control method of an information processing apparatus on which an expansion application configured to expand a function of print data generation software configured to generate print data runs, is provided. The control method comprises obtaining attribute data on a printing apparatus, the attribute data being output from the printing apparatus, obtaining data indicating a print function, and adding information related to a specific function based on attribute information included in the obtained attribute data if information indicating the specific function is not included in the obtained data indicating the print function. A setting screen including a setting item of the specific function is displayed based on the added information related to the specific function.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus including a transfer member that primarily transfers a developer image from an image bearing member onto an intermediate transfer belt by applying an electric current to an intermediate transfer belt in a circumferential direction, a control unit which executes a first mode in which to rotate the intermediate transfer belt and a second mode in which to rotate the intermediate transfer belt at a rotation speed higher than that in the first mode. The control unit performs control such that an absolute value of a second voltage to be applied to the transfer member in a case of performing primary transfer in the second mode is less than an absolute value of a first voltage to be applied to the transfer member in a case of performing the primary transfer in the first mode.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in a plan view with respect to the primary face of a semiconductor device, includes at least a part of an outer edge of a color filter layer being located between an effective pixel region and a joining member, and the distance from the effective pixel region to at least a part of the outer edge is greater than the distance from the color filter layer to a light transmission plate in the effective pixel region.

Abstract: A print job processing apparatus that processes print jobs for nesting printing to arrange images of the received print jobs side by side in a width direction of a sheet, calculate a margin width of the sheet for already-arranged images and replace a replaceable image with an image of a newly-received print job in a case where the image of the newly-received print job is not arrangeable in a margin with the margin width calculated for the already-arranged images, in which the replaceable image is an image included in the already-arranged images, and is such an image that the margin width after replacement of the replaceable image with the image of the newly-received print job is equal to or longer than zero and is shorter than the margin width before the replacement.

Abstract: A printing element board includes a plurality of memory modules each including a memory element and a driving circuit, a plurality of discharge modules, a control data supply unit configured to select one of a memory module and a discharge module from the plurality of memory modules and the plurality of discharge modules and perform drive control, and a logical product calculation unit configured to, when the memory module is selected, receive a first signal and a second signal output at the same timing, and supply a signal indicating a logical product of the first and second signals to the control data supply unit. When the signal indicating the logical product of the first and second signals is not supplied from the calculation unit, the supply unit does not perform drive control of the memory module.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a conveyance unit configured to convey a sheet in a conveyance direction, an image bearing member, a transfer unit, a fixing unit, a sheet discharge unit, a detection unit, and a control unit configured to control conveyance of the sheet by controlling the conveyance unit and the image bearing member. In a case where the control unit has judged that a jam occurred by a jammed sheet based on a detection result of the detection unit, the control unit is configured to perform a conveyance processing of conveying the jammed sheet such that a trailing edge of the jammed sheet reaches a downstream side of the transfer nip in the conveyance direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a controller that performs a first adjusting operation and thereafter performs a second adjusting operation. In the first adjusting operation, a voltage applied to a first grid electrode by a first voltage applying portion is set so that a surface potential of an image bearing member charged by a first corona charger becomes a first target value. In the second adjusting operation, a voltage applied to a second grid electrode by a second voltage applying portion is set so that a surface potential of the image bearing member charged by the first corona charger and a second corona charger becomes a second target value whose absolute value is greater than the first target value.

Abstract: A catheter, comprising: a drive cable having cylindrical opening extending from a proximal end to a distal end along a longitudinal axis thereof; an imaging probe having an optical fiber arranged inside the drive cable and a distal optics assembly fixedly attached to the drive cable at the distal end thereof; a first radiopaque marker arranged at a distal end of the drive cable at a position distal and parallel to the distal optics assembly; and a second radiopaque marker arranged at a predetermined distance from the distal end of the drive cable at a position proximal to the distal optics assembly. The second radiopaque marker is arranged concentric or coaxially to the longitudinal axis in a space between the longitudinal axis and an outer surface of the drive cable.