Abstract: A positive electrode active material precursor which may achieve a positive electrode active material in a form of a uniform single particle. Specifically, a positive electrode active material precursor, which includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide that is in a form of a single particle, and in which a molar ratio (Li/Me) of lithium to total transition metals is in a range of from 0.01 to 0.7. The positive electrode active material precursor has a pellet density of 3.0 g/cm3 to 4.0 g/cm3. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor, method of preparing a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode active material precursor, and the positive electrode active material itself are also disclosed.

Abstract: A washing machine accessory comprises: a housing including a flow path open at both ends; a filter which covers the inlet and outlet of the flow path and removes bubbles; a turbidity sensor formed on the flow path; and a wireless communication module which transmits information received from the turbidity sensor to an external device, wherein the washing machine accessory can accurately measure turbidity, thus making it possible to accurately calculate the duration of a rinse cycle.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a touch detection part supplying touch driving signals to touch electrodes provided in a display panel, and analyzing touch sensing signals generated by touch electrode signals received from the touch electrodes to detect touch on the display panel; and a touch control part for changing a driving period of the touch detection part to an active period for determining a touch coordinate or a touch detection period for detecting a touch based on whether the display panel is touched, wherein the touch detection part generates a touch sensing signal by using touch electrode signals received from at least two touch electrodes during the touch detection period, stores only effective bit values among measurement bit values constituting the touch sensing signal, and detects a touch on the display panel by using the effective bit values.

Abstract: An apparatus for predicting a state of a battery includes: a first communication unit configured to: receive data on the temperature, current, and voltage of a plurality of battery cells measured in a battery management system included in a battery pack; and receive, from a vehicle using a corresponding battery cell, first environmental information regarding an environment in which the vehicle is traveling; a second communication unit configured to receive, from outside the apparatus, experimental data on the state of the battery cell or the battery pack in various environments; and a battery state prediction unit configured to predict the state of a battery using the received data on the temperature, current, and voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells, the first environmental information, and the state environmental information, wherein the state of the battery includes: a battery cell charge state; and a battery cell degradation state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dishwasher that is configured to turn on an indicator only when a door is closed, so that when the door is opened and the bottom surface to which a visible light beam is irradiated is covered by the door, the indicator is turned off to prevent unnecessary power consumption, and is configured to apply an animation effect to a visual image displayed through the indicator when it is confirmed that a user is close to the dishwasher.

Abstract: A method for welding electrode leads of a cell assembly including a plurality of cells, includes preparing a cell stack with a plurality of stacked cells from which electrode leads are drawn out; preparing a busbar frame provided with a lead connection part including a pair of lead slits spaced apart at a predetermined distance; coupling a cell stack and a busbar frame such that electrode leads of the cell stack are inserted through the lead slits; bending the electrode leads penetrating through the lead slits of the lead connection part so that the electrode leads overlap towards each other; welding the pair of overlapped electrode leads; and inserting a welding protection bar into an insertion groove to be spaced apart from a rear surface of the electrode lead prior to the welding step. The lead connection part includes the insertion groove between the pair of lead slits.

Abstract: A light emitting diode display apparatus according to one or more examples includes a plurality of pixels having a plurality of sub-pixels. Each of the plurality of sub-pixels includes a light emitting part having a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device connected in series, a pixel circuit configured to control a current flowing through the light emitting part based on a data signal supplied through a data line and a pixel driving signal supplied through a gate line, and a current path circuit configured to select a current path flowing through the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a selection circuit configured to control the current path circuit based on a selection signal and the pixel driving signal.

Abstract: A display panel including a first pixel and a second pixel arranged in an n-th row and disposed adjacent to each other in a first direction; and a first pixel and a second pixel arranged in an (n+1)-st row and disposed adjacent to each other in the first direction, wherein the n-th row and the (n+1)-st row are arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, where n is a real number, wherein each of the first pixel and the second pixel in each of the n-th row and the (n+1)-st row includes first to fourth sub-pixels configured to respectively emit light of different colors, wherein both an n-th gate line and an (n+1)-st gate line are disposed between the first and second pixels of the n-th row and the first and second pixels of the (n+1)-st row, wherein the n-th gate line is electrically connected to each of the first to fourth sub-pixels of at least one of the first pixel and the second pixel of the n-th row, and wherein the n-th gate line and the (n+1)-st gate line intersect each other in a p

Abstract: A display device and a driving method thereof are discussed. The display device includes a display panel in which a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of power lines, at least one selection line, and a plurality of pixels are disposed, a data driver electrically connected to the data lines, a gate driver that is electrically connected to the gate lines, and a selector configured to supply a selection signal to the selection line. A display area of the display panel is divided into a plurality of pixel areas that are driven at different frequencies according to a voltage of the selection signal.

Abstract: A device that displays AR information on a display on the basis of a digital mirror, includes an interface unit that receives images including a road environment and an object around a vehicle from cameras including a first camera and a second camera, and receives sensing information of a sensed driving state of the vehicle; an AR module that renders AR object on the basis of an image captured by the cameras; and a processor that controls the AR module to render a first AR object related to a first object from among objects included in the image of the first camera, and controls a display unit of the vehicle via the interface unit to display a second AR object related to the first AR object in the image of the second camera, in a direction opposite to the first object.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image encoding/decoding method using image split and a medium that stores a bitstream. An image encoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include deriving a size of a processing unit of an image based on available resources and a peak memory of a decoder, deriving a split method of the image based on the derived size of the processing unit, deriving split information of the image based on the split method, and connecting and reconstructing the processing unit of the image based on the derived split information of the image, wherein the split information of the image includes location information of the processing unit.

Abstract: A battery pack including a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack housing; a fixing unit in the battery pack housing to fix the plurality of battery cells using a magnetic force, and a busbar assembly to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells. The fixing unit includes a plurality of first members respectively attached and coupled to the battery cells by the magnetic force, a second member attached and coupled to the plurality of first members by the magnetic force. The busbar assembly includes a base busbar patterned and formed on a surface of the plurality of first members and a surface of the second member; and a plurality of electrode contact ends patterned and formed on a lower surface of the plurality of first members. The electrode contact ends contact respective electrodes of the battery cells and are connected to the base busbar.

Abstract: An FFC bus bar includes a cable stack structure formed by stacking a plurality of flat flexible cables, and a high current terminal connected to at least one end portion of the cable stack structure. Each flat flexible cable comprises a terminal access portion including strands of conductor wires at least one end portion thereof, and the terminal access portion is welded to the high current terminal.

Abstract: This transparent antenna module comprises: a conductive pattern layer in which a metal mesh lattice formed at a first interval in one axial direction is formed with a first thickness in height direction; and an adhesive layer in which a front surface is coupled to a lower end portion of the conductive pattern layer, and a rear surface is attached on a glass of a vehicle. The lower end portion of the conductive pattern layer may contact the front surface of the adhesive layer or extend to an inner region of the front surface of the adhesive layer. A radiator formed by the metal mesh lattice may be configured to radiate wireless signal of a specific frequency band. The lower end portion of the conductive pattern layer may contact the front surface of the adhesive layer or extend to an inner region of the front surface of the adhesive layer.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery swapping station that can include N slots into each of which a battery pack is insertable, an electrode plate electrically connected to the battery pack inserted into each of M slots being less than the N slots, wherein N and M are numerals, and a power supply configured to charge the battery pack provided in each of the M slots through the electrode plate, in which center points of the N slots, when viewed in a first direction, are spaced apart from a first point of the electrode plate at equal intervals, wherein the electrode plate is rotatable about the first direction as an axis, and wherein the electrode plate is electrically connected to the battery pack inserted into each of the M slots among the N slots due to a rotation of the electrode plate about the first direction.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a device using same. The method, performed by a wireless power transmitter, for transferring wireless power to a wireless power receiver in a wireless power transmission system disclosed herein, comprises: entering a power transfer phase related to the transfer of the wireless power and transmitting auxiliary data transport (ADT) packets in the power transfer phase to the wireless power receiver, wherein the wireless power transmitter transmits the ADT packets to the wireless power receiver on the basis of frequency shift keying (FSK), and the maximum size of the ADT packets is determined on the basis of the number of cycles used in the FSK.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material including: a lithium nickel-based transition metal oxide with a large particle diameter and a lithium nickel-based transition metal oxide with a small particle diameter. The lithium nickel-based transition metal oxide with a large particle diameter is in the form of a secondary particle that is an aggregate of primary particles. The lithium nickel-based transition metal oxide with a small particle diameter is in the form of a single particle formed of one nodule and/or a quasi-single particle that is a composite of 30 or less nodules. A P value, which is defined by a factor related to the shape of a large-diameter particle and a factor of the specific surface area of a small-diameter particle, is 1.00 or more. The positive electrode active material is applied to a positive electrode to provide a lithium secondary battery with at least improved lifespan and output characteristics.

Abstract: An electrode supply apparatus having an electrode magazine for accommodating a plurality of stacked electrodes, a sensor for detecting a shape of a stacked electrode in the magazine, and an electrode picking-up part for picking up an electrode in the electrode magazine, and a position controller for changing a position of the stacked electrodes in the magazine in accordance with the detected shape is provided. A method of supplying an electrode is also provided.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery device, which can include a stacked battery unit having two surfaces facing each other; two support frames provided on the two surfaces of the stacked battery unit, respectively, to partially expose the two surfaces; two thermally conductive adhesive layers respectively provided on the two surfaces of the stacked battery unit exposed by the two support frames; and two thermally conductive plates respectively provided on the two support frames and respectively fixed on the stacked battery unit through the two thermally conductive adhesive layers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a secondary battery that includes an electrode assembly and a battery case provided to accommodate the electrode assembly and having a sealed edge is provided. The method may include folding the edge, attaching an adhesive member to the folded edge, and pressing at least a partial area of a non-attachment area, to which the adhesive member is not attached, of the folded edge.

Abstract: The display device may include a plurality of pixels. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a substrate comprising a plurality of subpixels, a first assembly wiring and a second assembly wiring in each of the plurality of subpixels, a partition wall having an assembly hole on the first assembly wiring and the second assembly wiring, a semiconductor light-emitting element in the assembly hole, and a signal supply unit configured to be connected to the first assembly wiring and the second assembly wiring and to selectively supply an AC signal and a DC signal.

Abstract: The display device may comprise a substrate, a first assembly wiring and a second assembly wiring on the substrate, a partition wall disposed on the first assembly wiring and the second assembly wiring and having an assembly hole and at least one or more auxiliary hole that extends in an outer direction of the assembly hole, a semiconductor light-emitting element in the assembly hole, and a connecting electrode connected to a lateral part of the semiconductor light-emitting element. The partition wall may comprise a first partition-wall layer and a second partition-wall layer on the first partition-wall layer. An ashing rate of the first partition-wall layer may be equal to or greater than an ashing rate of the second partition-wall layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of performing operations for a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. In particular, the method includes performing a Transmit Power Control (TPC) based on a TPC command related to a cell based TPC mode; upon a TPC mode being switched to a panel based TPC mode, triggering a power headroom report (PHR); generating a PHR medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) related to the panel based TPC; transmitting the PHR MAC CE to a network; and performing the TPC based on the TPC command related to the panel based TPC mode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed outside the display area. A bonding pad area is disposed in the non-display area, and a second substrate is disposed on the bonding pad area of the first substrate. A first alignment mark is disposed on the second substrate. A second alignment mark is disposed on the bonding pad area of the first substrate and is positioned to overlap the first alignment mark in a vertical direction. The first alignment mark includes a plurality of protruding patterns. The plurality of protruding patterns are configured to be deformed during a bonding process so that alignment between the second substrate and the first substrate can be inspected based on deformation of the plurality of protruding patterns.

Abstract: A display device can include a substrate including a display area and a non-display area having at least one contact area, a planarization layer disposed on the substrate, a pixel electrode disposed on the planarization layer and disposed in the display area, a connection electrode disposed on the planarization layer and disposed in the non-display area, a bank disposed on the planarization layer so as to cover a portion of the pixel electrode and a portion of the connection electrode, an organic light-emitting layer disposed on the pixel electrode, a common electrode disposed on the bank and the organic light-emitting layer, and a capping layer disposed on the common electrode.

Abstract: An operating method of a device in a wireless communication system, and the device are provided. The device can be a terminal, a chipset, or a base station. The terminal receives first PUCCH resource configuration information and second PUCCH resource configuration information, which are independent of each other, and applies the first PUCCH resource configuration information or the second PUCCH resource configuration information to each of a plurality of slots so as to transmit a PUCCH through the plurality of slots. The first PUCCH resource configuration information or the second PUCCH resource configuration information is applied to the specific slot on the basis of whether a specific slot from among the plurality of slots is a half duplex slot or a full duplex slot.

Abstract: Provided are a method performed by a first device in a wireless communication system, and a device supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: obtaining configuration information related to a resource pool; obtaining configuration information related to sidelink (SL) listen before talk (LBT) failure recovery, including information related to the maximum number of SL LBT failures; performing LBT before SL transmission on a resource block (RB) set in the resource pool; increasing an LBT counter by 1 on the basis of the SL transmission not being performed; triggering a consistent SL LBT failure on the basis of the LBT counter reaching the maximum number of SL LBT failures; and on the basis of the triggered consistent SL LBT failure, transmitting information related to the consistent SL LBT failure to a base station, and releasing a sidelink grant related to the consistent SL LBT failure.

Abstract: One example of a charging cable according to the present embodiment comprises; an outer tube; a communication line arranged inside the outer tube; and at least one charging line which is arranged inside the outer tube, and which has an inner flow path through which a coolant passes, wherein an outer flow path through which the coolant passes is formed between the outer tube, the communication line, and the at least one charging line, and the cross-sectional area of the inner flow path is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the outer flow path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a passage plate for an electrolysis cell, and an electrolysis cell including the same. The passage plate for the electrolysis cell according to the present invention is a passage plate for an electrolysis cell, which faces an electrode that causes an electrochemical reaction, and includes a supply-side passage part in which a branch passage, which is branched into a plurality of passages through which a raw material fluid is supplied, is provided, and a channel part, which has one side portion connected to the supply-side passage part and in which a plurality of channels through which the supplied raw material fluid flows are provided, wherein the supply-side passage part includes a plurality of passage blocks, the plurality of branch passages are branched through the plurality of passage blocks, and respective widths of the plurality of branch passages are uniform.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly including a heat sink having a plurality of ribs extending along a longitudinal direction of the heat sink, a plurality of spaces located between the plurality ribs form a plurality of flow paths, an open first surface and an open second surface at opposite longitudinal ends of the heat sink, a first end plug including an inner end plug configured to close a portion of the first surface, the inner end plug includes a cut-out flow path formed along a width direction of the heat sink, the cut-out flow path having an open surface parallel with the first surface, and an outer end plug configured to close the open surface of the cut-out flow path and the remaining portion of the first surface not closed by the inner end plug, and a second end plug configured to close the second surface.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material may include a lithium nickel-based oxide in the form of a single particle, which is composed of one single nodule, or in the form of a pseudo-single particle, which is a composite of 30 or fewer nodules. The lithium nickel-based oxide may include cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al). Concentration ratios of cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al) of the lithium nickel-based oxide may be measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX).

Abstract: An underbody for a vehicle can include a receiving portion depressed upwards by a predetermined depth, the receiving portion being configured to receive a battery pack. A first liquid tank is mounted in an upper part of the receiving portion, the battery pack including at least one battery module is located under the first liquid tank, and the first liquid tank has both a function of cooling the battery pack and a fire extinguishment function.

Abstract: A battery cell may include a battery can including a bottom member and a side wall member connected to the bottom member and extending in an axial direction, and having an opening at one end; an electrode assembly configured to be received inside the battery can through the opening; a cap configured to cover the opening a gasket interposed between the battery can and the cap; and a current collector having an electrode connection portion having at least a portion electrically connected to one end of the electrode assembly, and a can connection portion extending outward in a radial direction from the electrode connection portion toward the side wall member of the battery can, wherein at least a portion of an edge tip of the can connection portion has a chamfered shape. A battery pack or a vehicle may include the battery cell.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly and a current collector. The electrode assembly includes a plurality of first electrode plate portions and a plurality of second electrode plate portions arranged to define a stack along a thickness dimension of the electrode assembly. The thickness dimension is smaller than a longitudinal dimension of the electrode assembly. Each of the plurality of first electrode plate portions includes a first electrode tab and forms a plurality of first electrode tabs, and each of the plurality of second electrode plate portions includes a second electrode tab and forms a plurality of second electrode tabs. The current collector includes at least a portion located between the plurality of first and second electrode tabs. The plurality of first electrode tabs and the plurality of second electrode tabs are offset from one another along the thickness dimension with the current collector interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A capacitor module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a housing including an accommodation groove in which a capacitor is disposed; a substrate disposed above the accommodation groove; and at least one capacitor mounted to the one surface and accommodated in the accommodation groove.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a battery case, and an electrode assembly and an electrolyte accommodated in the battery case. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material and a conductive agent. The conductive agent includes a point-type conductive agent and a linear conductive agent at a weight ratio ranging from 4:1 to 14:1. The electrolyte includes, as additives, a sultone-based compound and a phosphate-based compound at a weight ratio ranging from 1:0.1 to less than 1:2.

Abstract: A battery pack assembly includes: a battery module system including one or more cooling plates and a coolant port connected to the one or more cooling plates; and a battery pack enclosure configured to enclose the battery module system, the battery pack enclosure including an opening to access the battery module system and a box cover for the opening, wherein the box cover includes a cooling assembly including: a cooling line connector to connect to the coolant port, and a quick connector connected to the cooling line connector and configured to connect to an external line.

Abstract: A method for processing an oligomerization reaction by-product, in which in a oligomer preparation process of oligomerizing a monomer and a solvent is used to prepare a reaction product, and concentration of an oligomerization reaction by-product is maximized by two-step concentration to perform solidified discharge, thereby improving a pipe blockage problem and also increasing a recovery rate of the ethylene oligomerization reaction product to improve economic feasibility and stability of the process.

Abstract: A display device can include a substrate having a display area in which a plurality of sub pixels are disposed and a non-display area around the display area and including a bending area and a pad area, a plurality of light emitting elements disposed in the plurality of sub pixels, and an encapsulation part disposed to cover the plurality of light emitting elements. The display device can further include a touch sensing unit having a plurality of bridge electrodes disposed on the encapsulation part and a plurality of touch electrodes disposed on or below the plurality of bridge electrodes, a plurality of pads disposed in the pad area, and a plurality of touch routing lines disposed in the non-display area and electrically connecting the plurality of touch electrodes and the plurality of pads.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device, a display controller, and a display driving method that are capable of reducing a colorfulness perception difference between a normal area including a first driving area and an optical area including a second driving area by controlling at least one of the number of light emitting pixels per unit area, luminance, and saturation of an area between the first driving area and the second driving area, which have different numbers of light emitting pixels per unit area, when a high saturation image is displayed.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a display area in which a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of power lines, and a plurality of sub-pixels are disposed; and a gate driver connected to the gate lines. The gate driver includes a rendering signal generator sequentially outputting a rendering signal; a gate signal output circuit sequentially outputting a gate signal; and an output controller receiving the rendering signal, the gate signal, and a frequency control signal to output a pulse of the gate signal to a corresponding gate line or maintain a voltage of the corresponding gate line at a first gate voltage. A display device is also disclosed.

Abstract: According to at least one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for performing amortized bootstrapping of ciphertexts in a learning-with-errors (LWE)-based fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme using incomplete number theoretic transforms (NTTs) includes receiving a plurality of ciphertexts encrypted under a LWE-based scheme. The method further includes: packing the ciphertexts into a polynomial representation comprising a first polynomial component a(X) and a second polynomial component b(X) in a polynomial ring of degree N; and performing a homomorphic polynomial computation comprising computing a product of a(X) and a secret-key polynomial s(X). The product a(X) and s(X) is computed using an incomplete NTT computation that omits one or more transform layers relative to a complete NTT.

Abstract: A method by which a decoding device decodes an image, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: generating a restoration picture on the basis of prediction samples of a coding block; deriving a boundary strength (BS) for a boundary of the coding block in the restoration picture; performing deblocking filtering on the boundary of the coding block on the basis of the boundary strength; and deriving a modified restoration picture for the restoration picture on the basis of the deblocking filtering, wherein the boundary strength is derived on the basis of a prediction mode of a first block and a second block that are adjacent to the boundary of the coding block, and the prediction mode of the first block or the second block is derived on the basis of whether the prediction mode of the first block or the second block is a current picture referencing (CPR) mode to be coded in reference to a current picture.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a method for operating a first device in a wireless communication system. The method may include receiving a synchronization signal from a second device, performing a synchronization procedure with the second device based on the synchronization signal, receiving control information from the second device, generating a codeword by performing channel coding for a bit-set based on the control information, and transmitting the codeword to the second device. Herein, the bit-set may correspond to a semantic source coded feature vector for performing semantic communication, and the channel coding may be performed based on importance of partial bit-sets included in the bit-set.

Abstract: A method and a device for performing TID-to-link mapping in a wireless LAN system are disclosed. A method of performing link management by an STA MLD in a wireless LAN system may comprise the steps of: receiving a first frame including first information related to link mapping of a plurality of TIDS from an AP MLD; and transmitting, to the AP MLD, a second frame including second information indicating whether to request updating of link mapping of at least one TID among the plurality of TIDs and third information related to updating of link mapping of the at least one TID.

Abstract: Presented are a method and a device for requesting and receiving information about other AP corresponding to a nontransmitted BSSID set in a wireless LAN system. Particularly, a reception MLD transmits a multi-link (ML) probe request frame from a transmission MLD through a first link. The reception MLD receives an ML probe response frame from the transmission MLD through the first link. The transmission MLD includes first and second transmission MLDs. The first transmission MLD includes a first transmission STA operating in the first link. The second transmission MLD includes a second transmission STA operating in the first link, and a third transmission STA operating in a second link. The second transmission STA is a transmission STA corresponding to a first nontransmitted BSSID of a set of multiple BSSIDs on the basis of the first transmission STA.

Abstract: A light emitting display apparatus can include a substrate having a plurality of subpixels having an emission area and a non-emission area, a pixel circuit disposed in the non-emission area on the substrate, at least one insulating layer disposed on the pixel circuit, and a color filter disposed on the insulating layer and corresponding to at least one of the plurality of subpixels. One or more of the plurality of subpixels can include a low-reflection optical portion having at least one transverse electric (TE) mode reflection pattern adjacent to or in contact with the color filter in the emission area.

Abstract: A slot die coater for automatically adjusting a position of a shim plate includes: a slot die, at least one motor disposed inside the slot die, a shim plate disposed on the slot die, and at least one pin. The pin is connected to the shim plate and the motor such that the pin is movable by the motor.

Abstract: A charger comprises: a charger body provided with a space; a door for opening and closing the space; a bracket; a wheel rotatably disposed on the bracket and having a connecting rod; a driving source rotating the wheel; a lever having a long hole through which the connecting rod is guided and moved linearly by the wheel and locked or unlocked on the door; and a sensor sensing the lever.

Abstract: A touch display device includes a touch display panel including touch electrodes, display lines, and touch lines. A first signal is configured to be applied to at least one touch electrode among the touch electrodes during a touch period. A second signal is configured to be applied to at least one of the display lines and/or one or more of the touch electrodes during the touch period. A period corresponding to a peak-to-peak distance of the second signal is identical to a period corresponding to a peak-to-peak distance of the first signal. A peak of the second signal is shifted from a peak of the first signal by an amount greater than 0 and less than a half of a wavelength of the first signal.