Abstract: A cylinder head material of an engine is casted (Step S1). Next, the cylinder head material is machined (Step S2). Next, a heat shielding film is formed on a ceiling surface of the cylinder head material (Step S3). Next, the film thickness of the heat shielding film is measured (Step S4). Next, a rank of a piston to be combined with the ceiling surface is selected (Step S5). The rank of the piston selected in Step S5 is a rank according to depth of a cavity. Next, the rank of the piston selected in Step S5 is stamped on the cylinder head (Step S6).

Abstract: A coolant passage device 3 includes coolant intake pipes 11 and 12 that take in coolant from an engine, a delivery pipe 17 to a radiator communicating with the coolant intake pipes, and a delivery pipe 18 to the heater core branched from a central passage 16 connecting the coolant intake pipes with the delivery pipe to the radiator. A branch port 18a leading to the delivery pipe 18 to the heater core is opened in an upper portion in the central passage 16 in a state where the coolant passage device 3 is mounted to the engine, and the branch port 18a has a wall surface 21 surrounding the branch port and hanging down into the central passage 16. The wall surface 21 prevents bubbles contained in the coolant from entering the branch port 18a. And the coolant passage device consequently prevents coolant flow noise from occurring.

Abstract: A deflection control apparatus is configured to perform a deflection control in which a subject vehicle is deflected by a braking force difference between left and right wheels. The deflection control apparatus is provided with a releaser configured to release the deflection control if a steering operation, which is an operation of deflecting the subject vehicle in a direction opposite to a direction in which the subject vehicle is deflected by the deflection control, is detected during the deflection control. When releasing the deflection control, the releaser is configured to reduce a controlled variable over a predetermined time, which is shorter than a fall time of the controlled variable when the deflection control is ended without being released, and which becomes longer, as the controlled variable increases when the steering operation is detected.

Abstract: Provided is a lamination device that laminates an electrolyte film and a porous film. The lamination device includes a support portion configured to support a porous film roll, in which the porous film is wound, such that the porous film roll is able to revolve, an unwinding portion configured to support an electrolyte film roll, in which the electrolyte film is wound, and unwind the electrolyte film from the electrolyte film roll, a conveying portion configured to convey the unwound electrolyte film, and a control portion configured to control the support portion, the unwinding portion, and the conveying portion. The control portion is configured to control the support portion such that the conveyed electrolyte film and the porous film roll are brought closer to one another and an outer peripheral surface of the porous film roll is pressed against one of surfaces of the electrolyte film.

Abstract: A driving device includes a motor, an inverter configured to drive the motor by switching a plurality of switching elements, and an electronic control unit configured to set voltage commands of phases according to temporary voltage commands of the phases based on a torque command of the motor and perform switching control of the switching elements by generating PWM signals for the switching elements by using the voltage commands of the phases and a carrier voltage. The electronic control unit is configured to switch a method of setting the voltage commands between a first method and a second method for each irregular time interval. The first method is a method of setting the voltage commands without superposing harmonics to the temporary voltage commands, and the second method is a method of setting the voltage commands by superposing the harmonics to the temporary voltage command.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst which can exhibit high durability and warm-up performance. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a substrate and a catalyst coating layer formed on the substrate, wherein the catalyst coating layer comprises catalyst particles, the catalyst coating layer having an upstream region extending by 40 to 60% of the entire length of the substrate from an upstream end of the catalyst in the direction of an exhaust gas flow and a downstream region corresponding to the remainder portion of the catalyst coating layer, the composition of the catalyst particle of the upstream region being different from that of the downstream region. The upstream region in the direction of an exhaust gas flow has a structure where a void is included in a large number, and furthermore high-aspect-ratio pores having an aspect ratio of 5 or more account for a certain percentage or more of the whole volume of voids.

Abstract: An alert system includes a first alert unit that alerts a driver to at least one of a state relating to driving support and a state relating to steering in a tactile manner through a steering wheel, and a second alert unit that alerts the driver to at least one of the states either in a tactile manner through a member other than the steering wheel or in an audible or visual manner. Of these alert units, the second alert unit is activated when the driver is in a hands-off state in which the driver's hands are inferred to be off the steering wheel. Thus, it is possible to appropriately alert the driver to at least one of the states even when the driver is in the hands-off state.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine is configured to execute a dither control process and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control process. The dither control process includes, when a request to increase a temperature of a catalyst is made, operating the fuel injection valves corresponding to respective cylinders to control the air-fuel ratio in some of the cylinders to become lean and control the air-fuel ratio in other cylinders to become rich. The EGR control process includes operating an adjustment actuator to control an EGR rate. The EGR control process includes operating the adjustment actuator such that the EGR rate is lower when the dither control process is being executed than when the dither control process is not being executed.

Abstract: A high-pressure tank includes: a liner; an epoxy resin; a fiber; and a fiber-reinforced epoxy resin layer formed on an outer side of the liner. The epoxy resin has a contact angle on polytetrafluoroethylene ((C2F4)n) of 70° or less in an uncured state.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle including an engine capable of outputting motive power to driving wheels, a motor capable of outputting motive power to the driving wheels and configured to generate a counter-electromotive voltage with rotation, an inverter that drives the motor, an electric storage device connected to the inverter through an electric power line, three phases of the inverter are turned on when an accelerator is turned off while the hybrid vehicle travels with a gate of the inverter being cut off and the engine being operated.

Abstract: An exhaust passage structure for an engine includes an exhaust-gas catalyst, a bypass passage, a waste gate valve. The exhaust-gas catalyst is disposed in the exhaust passage at downstream of the turbine of the turbocharger. The waste gate valve is disposed in an inlet of the bypass passage. The bypass passage includes a straight port portion disposed such that an axial line of at least a continuous portion including an outlet of the bypass passage is located on the same straight line, and an extended line of the axial line of the straight port portion intersects an upstream-side end surface of the exhaust-gas catalyst.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a sensor system outputting one or more signals and an electronic control unit communicatively coupled to the sensor system. The electronic control unit may be configured to detect a target vehicle external to the vehicle based on the one or more signals output by the sensor system, identify the detected target vehicle, determine rating information for at least one of the target vehicle and a driver of the target vehicle, predict at least one action of the target vehicle based on the rating information, and effect one or more changes to the vehicle based on the predicted at least one action of the target vehicle.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst ink for a fuel cell, which secures both the viscosity of the catalyst ink and the electricity generation performance of a fuel cell produced by using the catalyst ink, a catalyst layer for a fuel cell, and a membrane electrode assembly. The catalyst ink for a fuel cell may contain a catalyst-supporting support, an ionomer that is proton conductive, and cellulose-based nanofibers.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission, a vehicular powertrain that includes a continuously variable transmission and a method of limiting belt slippage in a continuously variable transmission in a vehicle. The continuously variable transmission includes a pulley assembly, shafts, a clutch and hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is cooperative with both the clutch and the pulley assembly so that hydraulic pressures and associated clamping forces sent to both allow the clutch to preferentially absorb any driving load coming from the axle and wheels that is in excess of the normal load experienced at the continuously variable transmission. This in turn means that any additional load that would ordinarily cause slippage in the belt is instead experienced by the clutch.

Abstract: Rear side members include: side walls inclined outward in the vehicle width direction; and side wall flanges bent from front ends of the side walls, and extending inward in the vehicle width direction. A center floor cross member has a side wall contacting with the side wall flanges of the rear side members. Reinforcement members include: side walls extending to the side wall of the center floor cross member; and flanges bent from rear ends of the side walls, extending outward in the vehicle width direction, and at least partially coinciding with the side wall flanges of the rear side members in the vehicle width direction with the side wall of the center floor cross member interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electrical device in which a high-voltage part is disposed within a case, and a fuel tank. The high-voltage part is disposed near a first side end of the case in a vehicle width direction. The fuel tank has a first end portion in the vehicle width direction and a second end portion opposite to the first end portion. When a collision load equal to or greater than a predetermined value is applied to the fuel tank from the outside in a vehicle front-rear direction, the fuel tank is configured to horizontally rotated about the first end portion of the fuel tank, and the second end portion of the fuel tank is configured to contact the second side end of the electrical device.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a plate provided on a seatback, an attachment mounted on the plate, two wires extending substantially in an up-down direction to receive a load in a seat front-rear direction applied to the plate, and two locking fixing portions provided above a location of a combined center of gravity of the plate and the attachment to lock and fix the plate with the two wires. Each of the two locking fixing portions includes a first holding portion, a second holding portion, and a wall portion. The first holding portion and the second holding portion hold the corresponding wire in the seat front-rear direction. The wall portion contacts the corresponding wire from a side opposite to the attachment across the wire. The two locking fixing portions are open on the attachment sides.

Abstract: An alkaline secondary battery includes at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode includes at least one of manganese oxyhydroxide and manganese dioxide. The negative electrode includes a hydrogen storage alloy.

Abstract: In order to supply a reducing agent to an NOx catalyst in an appropriate manner when the temperature of the NOx catalyst is high, in cases where the temperature of the NOx catalyst is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature at which ammonia is oxidized, and in cases where an NOx reduction rate in the NOx catalyst is smaller than a predetermined lower limit reduction rate, when the addition of the additive agent is carried out at least twice by changing an equivalent ratio with respect to an amount of NOx flowing into the NOx catalyst, the equivalent ratio in equivalent ratio control is made larger in the case where an amount of change of an amount of reduction of NOx accompanying a change of the equivalent ratio is larger than an amount of change of an amount of oxidation of ammonia accompanying the change of the equivalent ratio, than in the case where it is smaller than that.

Abstract: A coolant circulation system includes a coolant circuit including a water jacket, a motor-driven pump, an outlet liquid temperature sensor, and a controller. The controller executes variation determination control for driving the motor-driven pump to determine whether a variation in the temperature of the coolant in a diesel engine is equal to or less than a predetermined value based on an outlet temperature detected by the outlet liquid temperature sensor. The controller executes circulation stop control on condition that it is determined that the variation in the temperature of the coolant is equal to or less than the predetermined value. The controller changes the period during which the circulation stop control is executed in accordance with the outlet liquid temperature detected at the start of the circulation stop control.

Abstract: A speed change control system configured to allow a driver to promptly sense a response to an accelerating operation. A reference index value that the driver senses an acceleration response is calculated based on acceleration of a vehicle. If the reference index value is smaller than a first reference index value at which the driver is allowed to sense the acceleration response, a downshift point is lowered to a first drive force.

Abstract: An automatic transmission control device is configured to execute a first shifting between a pre-shifting gear position and an intermediate gear position, and a second shifting between the intermediate gear position and a post-shifting gear position such that each of the first and second shiftings is executed by releasing one of engagement devices and engaging one of the engagement devices, and is configured, upon transition from the first shifting to the second transition, to gradually changing an engagement torque of an engagement-maintained engagement device as one of the engagement devices which is engaged upon completion of the first shifting and is maintained in the engaged state during the second shifting, such that the engagement torque of the engagement-maintained engagement device is changed gradually from a required engagement torque required upon completion of the first shifting, to a required engagement torque which is required in the second shifting.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a housing. An electrode group and an electrolytic solution are in the housing. The electrode group is immersed in the electrolytic solution. The electrode group includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is disposed on a surface of the negative electrode current collector. A metal piece is electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector. The metal piece is disposed at a position at which at least a part of the metal piece is immersed in the electrolytic solution. An oxidation-reduction potential of the metal piece is within an overdischarging voltage range and is lower than an oxidation-reduction potential of the negative electrode current collector.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine system is provided with a cam switching device including a cam groove provided on the outer peripheral surface or a camshaft and an actuator capable of protruding, toward the camshaft, an engagement pin that is engageable with the cam groove. The internal combustion engine system is configured, in causing the cam switching device to perform a cam switching operation, to control the actuator such that the engagement pin is seated on a forward outer peripheral surface which is located more forward than an end of the cam groove on the forward side with respect to an insert section of the cam groove in the rotational direction of the camshaft.

Abstract: Region guidance systems and programs obtain a spot with which guidance information is associated. When there are a plurality of the spots in a region whose boundary is defined, the systems an programs provide guidance on the guidance information associated with one of the spots selected based on a position of an entry spot to the region.

Abstract: An output sentence generation apparatus for automatically generating one output sentence from a plurality of input keywords includes a candidate sentence generator incorporating a learned neural network configured to take in the plurality of keywords and generate a plurality of candidate sentences each including at least some of the plurality of keywords, and an evaluation outputter configured to calculate an overlap ratio for each of the plurality of candidate sentences generated by the candidate sentence generator and increase an evaluation of the candidate sentence with a small overlap ratio to thereby determine an output sentence from the plurality of candidate sentences. The overlap ratio is the number of occurrences of an overlapping word with respect to the number of occurrences of all words included in the corresponding candidate sentence.

Abstract: A ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide containing a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia is provided, in which primary particles having a particle diameter of 1.5 to 4.5 ?m account for, on a particle number basis, at least 50% of all primary particles in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide, and the molar ratio of cerium to zirconium in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide is between 43:57 and 55:45.

Abstract: In a spirally-wound electrode, in a first region, short sides of first and second separator sheets on an inner side are aligned with each other. In a second region, a negative electrode sheet, the first separator sheet, a positive electrode sheet, and the second separator sheet are arranged from an inner side toward an outer side in a radial direction. The second region extends from a position where short sides of the negative and positive electrode sheets on the inner side are aligned with each other in a same phase to a short side of the positive electrode sheet on an outer side. In a third region, the negative electrode sheet, and the first and second separator sheets are arranged from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction. The third region extends to a short side of the negative electrode sheet on the outer side.

Abstract: At the time of molding, in the stator, the resin material flows inside the vent channels that are formed on the terminal block. At this time, as the resin reservoirs which are formed by expanding cross-sections of the vent channels are provided on the mounting surface of the terminal block, the resin material can be retained in the resin reservoirs. This consequently prevents the resin material from flowing through the vent channels to the outside of the terminal block. When the resin leaked part, which is the resin material that has leaked from the vent channels to the outside and been hardened, falls while using the motor, there is an adverse effect on another piece of equipment. Thus, the resin reservoirs that are formed in the vent channels act effectively in terms of preventing the resin material from flowing to the outside.

Abstract: A battery case within which a battery is housed includes a first layer that is made of metal, a second layer that is made of heat insulating material, and a third layer that is made of phase-change heat storage material. The second layer is closer to the battery than the first layer is. The third layer is closer to the battery than the second layer is.

Abstract: In order to make a power generation quantity of a cell for fuel cell increase in a short time when a drop in moistness of the cell causes the power generation quantity of the cell to decrease, a cathode of the cell includes a conductive material, catalyst, and ionomer which covers the conductive material and catalyst. If an output voltage value of the cell is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage value and an electrical resistance value of the cell is higher than a predetermined threshold resistance value, control for increasing an oxidizing gas amount which increases an amount of oxidizing gas sent to the cell is performed.

Abstract: An object is to achieve stable diesel combustion and improvement in the thermal efficiency of the diesel combustion in an internal combustion engine using a fuel having a relatively high self-ignition temperature. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection valve capable of injecting fuel into a combustion chamber and an ignition device whose position relative to the fuel injection valve is set in such a way that it can ignite fuel spray directly. The apparatus causes pre-injected fuel to burn and generates unburned residue of the pre-injected fuel in the combustion chamber by pre-injection performed at a predetermined pre-injection time during the compression stroke and ignition of pre-spray formed by the pre-injection by the ignition device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state lithium ion battery in which a laminated battery is coated with a thermosetting resin, capable of preventing the thermosetting resin from cracking due to charge and discharge of the all-solid-state lithium ion battery after the battery is coated with the thermosetting resin, the method including a first step of laminating a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer and an anode layer to form a laminated battery having both end faces in a lamination direction and side faces, a second step of charging the laminated battery until the laminated battery has 100% to 112% of state of charge, a third step of coating at least the side faces of the laminated battery that is charged with a thermosetting resin in an uncured state, and a fourth step of heating to cure the thermosetting resin.

Abstract: A cathode active composite containing an amorphous composite of vanadium oxide and an inorganic sulfide is provided. In one embodiment the composite contains vanadium pentoxide and phosphorous pentasulfide. In a further special embodiment, a cathode active material comprising a nanoparticle composite of an amorphous matrix containing vanadium, oxygen and sulfur and crystalline regions of vanadium and oxygen embedded in the matrix is provided. Electrochemical cells and a reversible battery having a cathode containing one of the cathode active composites are also provided. In specific embodiments the battery is a magnesium battery.

Abstract: A vehicle lower section structure that includes: a floor panel; a dash panel partitioning an engine compartment from a vehicle cabin; a front side member that extends in a vehicle body front-rear direction on a vehicle body front side of the dash panel, and that is disposed along a lower face of the floor panel on a vehicle body rear side of the dash panel; a rocker extending in the vehicle body front-rear direction; a torque box that extends in the vehicle width direction, that is joined to the lower face of the floor panel between the front side member and the rocker in bottom face view, and that forms a closed cross-section profile together with the floor panel; and a bulkhead running along the vehicle body front-rear direction inside the torque box and sectioning the inside of the torque box in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: A power transfer system includes a power reception coil arranged on a bottom surface of a vehicle, a plurality of members arranged along the bottom surface, a plurality of temperature detectors arranged around the power reception coil, and a controller that causes the power to be transmitted from a power transmission coil to decrease when a detection temperature of any of the plurality of temperature detectors is equal to or higher than a prescribed threshold, the prescribed value being set lower for a temperature detector of the plurality of temperature detectors provided closer to a member having a lower heat resistance.

Abstract: A torsional vibration reduction device that is provided inside of a fluid power transmitting device that has a driving side member that generates a fluid flow, and a driven side member that is driven by the fluid flow, includes a rolling element configured to move in a reciprocating manner according to a variation in torque; a retaining member that has a rolling chamber configured to house the rolling element in a manner that enables the rolling element to move in a reciprocating manner; and a housing configured to shield the rolling element and the rolling chamber from fluid inside of the fluid power transmitting device. The retaining member is enclosed and fixed inside the housing, and the housing is fixed to the driven side member.

Abstract: A battery pack has a plurality of series-connected batteries each having an electrode body, a battery case, a positive extending member, a positive external terminal mechanically joined and electrically connected to a positive external extending part of the positive extending member, by caulking deformation thereof, a negative extending member, and a negative external terminal mechanically joined and electrically connected to a negative external extending part of the negative extending member, by caulking deformation thereof. Among the positive and negative external extending parts, the positive and negative external terminals, the metal making up the positive external extending part has the lowest tensile strength. The battery pack includes bus bars; positive fastening members for fastening the positive external terminals to the bus bars; and negative fastening members for fastening the negative external terminals to the bus bars. The negative external terminal is thinner than the positive external terminal.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine adjusts the flow rate ratio between an amount of exhaust gas flowing to an exhaust gas recirculation cooler and an amount of exhaust gas flowing to a bypass passage, which bypasses the exhaust gas recirculation cooler, such that the amount of exhaust gas flowing to the exhaust gas recirculation cooler becomes zero during (i) a predetermined period from a point in time at which the exhaust gas recirculation operation shifts to execution, (ii) a period in which fuel cut is performed and the bed temperature of a catalyst is lower than a predetermined overheat temperature, or (iii) a period in which the flow rate of refrigerant flowing to the exhaust gas recirculation cooler is lower than a predetermined flow rate and the temperature of the refrigerant is lower than a predetermined first temperature.

Abstract: A structure for mounting an electric storage apparatus includes the electric storage apparatus outputting an energy for use in running of a vehicle, a vehicle body including a recessed portion housing the electric storage apparatus, a fastening member fixing the electric storage apparatus to the recessed portion, and a reinforce. The reinforce is disposed at a position surrounding the electric storage apparatus together with the recessed portion and is fixed to the vehicle body. The reinforce presses the electric storage apparatus against the recessed portion.

Abstract: A sealed battery (1) is provided with a current interrupting mechanism (62) that interrupts current that flows through an electrode body (10) when an internal pressure (F) of a battery case (80) exceeds an operating pressure (G). The current interrupting mechanism includes a movable member (64) that includes a moving portion (64A) that moves with a rise in the internal pressure, and a conductive member (63) that is electrically connected to the electrode body. The conductive member (63) includes a protruding portion (63A) that protrudes toward the moving portion. A weld (PT) created by welding using an energy beam is interposed between the protruding portion and the moving portion. The conductive member has, around the protruding portion, an annular groove (63BG) that fractures in an annular shape surrounding the weld when the internal pressure exceeds the operating pressure. The protruding portion elastically pushes against the moving portion via the weld.

Abstract: A joining method for joining together a first member in which fiber material is mixed into a first resin, and a second member that includes at least a second resin, includes abutting the first member and the second member together, and softening or melting the first resin of the first member and the second resin of the second member that are adjacent to abutting surfaces of the first member and the second member; and stirring a joint forming portion formed by the softened or melted first resin of the first member and the softened or melted second resin of the second member, and the fiber material included in the softened or melted first resin of the first member, in a direction inclined with respect to the abutting surfaces, and hardening the joint forming portion.

Abstract: If the difference of the manual driving operation amount, detected by a manual driving operation amount detection portion, from the autonomous driving operation amount, calculated by an autonomous driving operation amount calculation portion, is equal to or smaller than an operation amount threshold during manual driving, a driving state switching portion switches the driving state from manual driving to autonomous driving in response to an autonomous driving switching request from a host vehicle's driver. This configuration prevents the switching from manual driving to autonomous driving if the driver's manual driving operation differs much from the autonomous driving operation with a high possibility that the autonomous driving operation suitable for the actual traveling environment will not be performed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure improve the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis of a particulate filter using the output value of a PM sensor provided downstream of the particulate filter in an exhaust passage. A configuration of the invention compares a change rate of an output value of the PM sensor prior to execution of a filter diagnosis process of diagnosing an abnormality of the filter based on the output value of the PM sensor, with a reference value and determines whether a filter abnormality process is to be performed. A higher value is set to the reference value, which is to be compared with the change rate of the output value of the PM sensor, in the case where the deposition amount of PM between electrodes of the PM sensor is expected to be large, compared with the case where the deposition amount of PM is expected to be small.

Abstract: A transmission includes a gear shift set including a shift gear and a switching mechanism, and another gear shift set including a shift gear and a switching mechanism. At a side face of the lower shift gear, dogs are provided to protrude. The switching mechanism includes a first ring configured to rotate integrally with a shaft, a second ring configured to rotate integrally with the first ring, and an elastic member connecting the first ring and the second ring. The first ring includes first projection portions, and a first abutment portion allowing a shift member to abut thereon. The second ring includes second projection portions, and a second abutment portion allowing the shift member to abut thereon.

Abstract: An airbag device, comprising: a gas generation device that is operable to generate gas; and an airbag that includes: a first chamber portion that is disposed at a vehicle front side of a vehicle seat on which a vehicle occupant sits, the first chamber portion being inflated due to gas generated by the gas generation device being supplied into the first chamber portion, a second chamber portion that is inflated due to gas generated by the gas generation device being supplied into the second chamber portion and that is disposed adjacent to the first chamber portion in a vehicle width direction, and a connection portion.

Abstract: A heat shield film is formed on a bottom surface of a cylinder head and a heat shield film is formed on an inner peripheral surface of a small diameter hole portion. The film is a thermal spraying film made from the same film material. Since the film is thicker than the film, the film has higher thermal capacity than the film and thus heat retaining effect of the film is higher than that of the film. Therefore, combustion gas generated in a combustion chamber is suppressed to lose its momentum around the portion. Even if the combustion gas goes off around the portion, excessive temperature decrease of the combustion gas in the portion is suppressed.

Abstract: A recess is formed at a door outer panel, and a reference pin provided at a rear spoiler abuts a front wall of the recess, thereby enabling the rear spoiler to be positioned with respect to a back door in a vehicle front-rear direction and a vehicle vertical direction.

Abstract: An automatic driving system includes an electronic control device configured to: detect a driving operation input amount during an automatic driving control for a vehicle; determine whether the driver is able to start manual driving during the automatic driving control for the vehicle; output a signal for performing switching from automatic driving to the manual driving based on a result of a comparison between the driving operation input amount and a driving switching threshold that is a threshold for the switching from the automatic driving to the manual driving; set the driving switching threshold to a first driving switching threshold when it is determined that the driver is able to start the manual driving; and set the driving switching threshold to a second driving switching threshold exceeding the first driving switching threshold when it is determined that the driver is not able to start the manual driving.

Abstract: Vehicle control system and method provided to change speed ratio smoothly when switching a power transmission route from a route including a geared transmission to a route including a continuously variable transmission. Vehicle control system applied to a vehicle comprising: continuously variable transmission for changing speed ratio continuously is disposed between input shaft and output shaft; geared transmission is disposed parallel to the continuously variable transmission, and is adapted to establish speed ratio that cannot be established by continuously variable transmission; and friction clutch is brought into engagement to switch torque transmission route from a route including the geared transmission to a route including the continuously variable transmission.