Abstract: Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for analyzing a point of closest approach (PoCA) image of a volume of interest (VOI) comprising a set of recorded PoCA points from charged particle detector measurements to detect an object within the VOI. The VOI is partitioned into a set of equally-sized bins with each bin including a subset of the PoCA points. A bin metric is determined for each bin. A subset of the bins is selected based on the detected bin metric with the subset of bins being most likely to contain objects. A potential object for each selected bin is determined by determining a location and a size for the potential object based at least on the PoCAs inside the bin. A figure of merit (FOM) of the potential object is determined as a measure of the likelihood that the potential object is truly a threat object.

Abstract: The invention relates to the determination of the rotational position of a sensor by means of a laser beam emitted by a satellite. For this purpose, the sensor includes a rotational position determination device which has a laser beam detection device for detecting the laser beam emitted by the satellite. Moreover, the rotational position determination device includes a control device which is designed for determining the rotational position of the rotational position determination device based on the detected laser beam.

Abstract: A detector assembly includes an insulating substrate, a printed circuit board, a resistive, plate, a drilled board, a drift volume, and a cathode. A surface of the printed circuit board exposed to the resistive plate includes printed circuit lines for measuring first and second coordinates of a charge event. A mechanical assembly applies a force between the insulating substrate and the resistive a plate to form an electrical contact between the printed circuit lines on the printed circuit board and the resistive plate without the use of an electrical adhesive.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus including a scintillator layer configured to convert radiation into light; a light sensor layer including a plurality of light sensors configured to detect light emitted from the scintillator layer; and a reflection layer configured to reflect light emitted from the scintillator layer. The scintillator layer is arranged between the light sensor layer and the reflection layer. The following condition is satisfied: 0.375?(100?x)/(100?y(%))<3.75 where the average conversion efficiency in a region of 25% of the thickness of the scintillator layer from a reflection layer side is set to 100 as a reference, x is the average conversion efficiency in a region of 25% of the thickness of the scintillator layer from a light sensor layer side, and y (%) is the reflectance of the reflection layer.

Abstract: An integrated nuclear sensor includes a scintillator connected directly to the photocathode of a photomultiplier tube. The scintillator may be thermally fused to the photocathode. The scintillator can be supported within a scintillator housing by a potting layer that is formed from an elastomer. The scintillator can include a reflector or a reflective coating applied to the outside surface of the scintillator. The reflective coating can be a vapor deposition coating applied to the scintillator.

Abstract: A method can be used for operating an optoelectronic proximity sensor. The proximity sensor includes a radiation-emitting component, a radiation-detecting component and a control unit. The radiation-emitting component is operated by means of a pulsed current. During each measurement period, the pulsed current of the radiation-emitting component has an on-time and an off-time. The pulsed current has a pulse current intensity during the on-time, and the control unit evaluates a detector signal of the radiation-detecting component and lowers the pulse current intensity for a subsequent measurement period, when the detector signal exceeds a threshold value during at least one measurement period.

Abstract: Imaging techniques that may be used in applications such as differential phase contrast imaging are disclosed that include, for example, configuring a beam source and a beam detector such that a beam connects the two, positioning an object, a phase grating and an analyzer grating in the beam path, producing multiple data sets based on various analyzer grating positions, and conducting a regression analysis using a predetermined function having a set of fitting coefficients to establish those fitting coefficients. In those techniques, the fitting coefficients may be used to characterize a set of interference properties associated with the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for detecting the position of the face (2) of a person, in particular of a motor vehicle driver, wherein said device includes: a thermal sensor (4) configured for determining the heat generated from a target area (6) likely to be occupied by a person, in the form of a dot (10) matrix (8), each dot (10) in said matrix (8) representing the heat generated by a portion of said target area (6), processing means for analyzing a value acquired through a physical quantity for the dots (10) of said matrix (8) in order to detect at least one piece of adjustment information (12) that is representative of the position of said face (2) within said target area (6). The invention also relates to a corresponding detection method and display, in particular a head-up display, provided with said device.

Abstract: A photosensor for the detection of infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 1 to 1000 micrometers consists of a semiconductor substrate with a highly doped interaction volume for the incoming radiation. At the edge of this highly doped region, an extended gate electrode is placed consisting of a conducting material on top of an insulating layer. On the other side of the gate electrode, another highly doped semiconductor region is placed, acting as a charge collector. Through free carrier absorption in the interaction volume, incoming photons impart their energy on mobile charge carriers. In the case of free electrons, the gate electrode is biased slightly below the reset voltage of the interaction volume, so that the electrons carrying the additional energy of the absorbed photons can predominantly make the transition from the interaction volume across the gate electrode area to the charge collector volume.

Abstract: A method for measuring dosage by means of a radiation detector, especially an X-radiation or gamma-radiation detector, used in the spectroscopic mode, and a dosage measurement system using said method. A range of energies and a dose type H is chosen, a radiation detector of a given type is used, spectra measured by the detector are established for various radiations of the given type, the energies of which are within the chosen range and the respective doses of which are known, and from the spectra, a weighting function is established, that is a correspondence between a mean dose increment and a mean energy, deposited into the detector. This enables a person provided with a dosimeter identical to the detector to know at any time the mean absorbed dose rate, expressed in the amount H.

Abstract: A temperature detection system for railway applications is provided. The system may include at least one infrared (IR) sensing element configured to detect IR signals emitted by a rail or a railcar, and a controller in communication with the at least one IR sensing element. The controller may be configured to receive the IR signals from the at least one IR sensing element, extract IR data corresponding to at least one of a rail and an undercarriage of the railcar from the IR signals, and generate a characteristic thermal profile of at least one of an ambient temperature and a rail temperature based on the IR data.

Abstract: When detecting scintillation events in a nuclear imaging system, time-stamping and energy-gating processing is incorporated into autonomous detection modules (ADM) (14) to reduce downstream processing. Each ADM (14) is removably coupled to a detector fixture (13), and comprises a scintillation crystal array (66) and associated light detect or (s) (64), such as a silicon photomultiplier or the like. The light detector(s) (64) is coupled to a processing module (62) in or on the ADM (14), which performs the energy gating and time-stamping.

Abstract: A portable detection apparatus can include a housing, a first detector for detecting ionizing radiation from a first subject and a second detector within the housing for the detecting the background radiation. A shield within the housing can surround the first and second detectors and define a shield aperture around the first and second detectors for radiation from the subject to enter the housing. A radiation blocking member can substantially block at least a portion of the ionizing radiation from reaching the second detector, whereby radiation detected by the second detector comprises substantially only the background radiation. A processor module can be connected to the first and second detectors for determining the amount of ionizing radiation detected by the first detector attributable to secondary radiation.

Abstract: A non-destructive testing system for propellant for a rocket is provided. The system includes an insertion tube having a first end and a second end in addition to a support sleeve configured to mate with a casing of the rocket. The insertion tube includes a channel that extends from the first end to the second end of the insertion tube to receive a probe and also includes a probe tip generally disposed at the second end of the channel. The support sleeve includes an insertion tube opening configured to receive the insertion tube and allow the insertion tube to slide along the support sleeve.

Abstract: An ultraviolet index measuring method and apparatus includes preparing a first photosensor having spectral response only in a first section of a wavelength between 250 nm and 298 nm, a second photosensor having spectral response only in a second section of a wavelength between 298 nm and 328 nm, and a third photosensor having spectral response only in a third section of a wavelength between 328 nm and 400 nm. An output signal of the first photosensor, an output signal of the second photosensor, and an output signal of the third photosensor are calibrated using spectral irradiance of reference solar light. First photocurrent of the first photosensor, second photocurrent of the second photosensor, and third photocurrent of the third photosensor are measured under a measurement environment. An ultraviolet index is calculated using the first photocurrent, the second photocurrent, and the third photocurrent under the measurement environment.

Abstract: A method and a system for preparing a radiation image of a target are provided. The radiation imaging method includes the steps of collecting radiation emission data from a target, classifying the data into at least one energy range, separating the data in each energy range into N independent radiation distributions, processing the data in each of the N independent radiation distributions to estimate its true distribution; and reconstructing a radiation distribution image of the target using the processed data. The system includes at least one radiation detector module and at least one computerized component configured to perform the steps of the method.

Abstract: A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that accurately measures the UV irradiance intensity. The system can generate extrapolated UV intensity data based on measured UV intensity data to correct unreliable UV measurement due to inconsistent irradiation of UV light. The UV dosimetry system integrates the extrapolated UV intensity data over time to calculate the real-time UV dosage and the vitamin D production by taking into account factors comprising UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface.

Abstract: System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device including a proximity sensor, the proximity sensor used to initiate an alert that the proximity sensor is covered. The systems can include a visible light sensor, the visible light sensor used to enter into a sleep, or night, mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a position of a point source arranged in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner apparatus. The apparatus includes processing circuitry configured to obtain list-mode data generated from a PET scan of the point source, determine a plurality of lines-of-response (LORs) from the obtained list-mode data, determine intersecting pairs of LORs from the determined plurality of LORs, determine corresponding coordinates of intersection points of the determined intersecting pairs of LORs, and determine the position of the point source based on the determined coordinates of the intersections points.