Abstract: A detector assembly includes a hollow body in which a printed circuit board, a resistive plate, a drilled board, a drift volume, and a cathode are disposed. A surface of the printed circuit board exposed to the resistive plate includes printed circuit lines for measuring first and second coordinates of a charge event. The hollow body can include a sealable opening to remove contaminants outgassed from one or more components of the detector assembly and to fill the hollow body with an operational gas. The sealable opening can be fluidly coupled to a gas and vacuum system to reduce the concentration of the outgassed contaminants.

Abstract: A highly integrated miniature radiometer chip includes a base board with opposing top and bottom etched metal layers to form interconnect and ground pads, and a cavity to provide space for surface mounted parts that are attached to the bottom of a middle board which mounts directly over the top of the base board. The middle board has radio frequency circuits and semiconductor chips at a top metal layer, and surface mounted parts, and ground and signal pads at a bottom metal layer. Metalized vias extending through the dielectric material connect the top and bottom layers. A top cover includes a feedhorn, a waveguide section, and isolation compartments and channels that overlie the RF circuits on the middle board. A dielectric insert is located inside the feedhorn to enhance the feedhorn performance and seal the radiometer chip from external air, humidity and contaminants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various methods for making apparatuses suitable for detecting X-ray. The method may comprise bonding a plurality of chips to a first substrate, wherein the first substrate comprises a plurality of electric contacts and a plurality of vias connecting the electric contacts to a surface of the first substrate, wherein each of the chips comprises an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, and wherein the plurality of chips are bonded to the first substrate such that the second electrode of each of the chips is electrically connected to at least one of the electrical contacts.

Abstract: A gamma ray detector is a detector detecting gamma rays and includes a photomultiplier tube having an entrance window and a photoelectric surface. The entrance window is a Cherenkov radiator. The photoelectric surface is formed on a vacuum side of the entrance window via an intermediate layer. The thickness of the intermediate layer is equal to or less than the wavelength of Cherenkov light emitted by an interaction of the gamma rays with the entrance window.

Abstract: An imaging method, accesses a set of low-energy projection images and performs a low-energy reconstruction using the low-energy projection images. A synthesized intermediate low-energy projection image is generated. A high-energy reconstruction is performed using a set of high-energy projection images. A synthesized intermediate high-energy projection image is generated. A dual-energy reconstruction is performed using at least one low-energy projection image, the synthesized intermediate low-energy projection image, at least one high-energy projection image, and the synthesized intermediate high-energy projection image.

Abstract: A gas sensor module integrated onto a board comprising at least one radiation source configured for emitting radiation, at least one radiation detector unit configured to detect at least part of said radiation, and a radiation cell providing at least one radiation path from said radiation source to said radiation detector unit. Said board is provided with a recess and said radiation path is propagating within said recess.

Abstract: An X-ray diffraction apparatus including an X-ray detector that is configured to detect diffracted X-rays diffracted from a sample when a surface of the sample is irradiated with X-rays, a counter arm which rotates around a rotation center axis set within the surface of the sample while the X-ray detector is installed on the counter arm, and a plate-like X-ray shielding member that is installed on the counter arm and rotated together with the X-ray detector.

Abstract: To address the shortcomings presented in the prior art, the present invention provides a system and method to provide improved irrigation management through the detection of fast neutrons. According to a preferred embodiment, the fast neutron detector of the present invention includes a 4-He based noble gas detector, a power source, a signal processing circuit, and a resistor in series with a preamplifier and a shaping amplifier to produce a processed signal. According to a further preferred embodiment, the present invention preferably further includes a signal channel analyzer and a pulse counter/rate meter. According to a further preferred embodiment, the present invention includes a controller which receives a count of detected fast neutrons and translates the detected number of fast neutrons into an irrigation map indicating the required levels of irrigation needed for selected areas of a given field based on the detected moisture levels.

Abstract: A medical device for photographing an object includes an improved moveable structure. The medical device includes a gantry, a guide rail configured to guide a movement of the gantry, a belt configured to be pulled out of the gantry to guide the movement of the gantry together with the guide rail and a moving member configured to enable the gantry to move. The moving member also is configured to be movable along the guide rail.

Abstract: An oil sensor comprising a holder to which an elongated crystal is fastened that is transparent to infrared light and with a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the oil to be examined, whereby a light source is provided in the holder at a first end of the elongated crystal for transmitting light in the infrared spectrum in the elongated crystal, and detector at a second end of the elongated crystal for measuring the intensity of the light, which during the passage through the elongated crystal undergoes total reflection at a boundary plane at least four times in succession in a contact zone where the elongated crystal comes into contact with the oil, wherein the oil sensor is further provided with at least one temperature sensor to determine the temperature of at least one of the components of the oil sensor.

Abstract: A device is provided for securing a plurality of infrared radiation detectors from unwanted infrared radiation. The device includes a structure supporting the plurality of infrared radiation detectors. A plurality of nanowires are positioned adjacent to each other so as to define a layer. The layer has an inner surface positioned adjacent an outer surface of the structure and an outer surface directable towards a source of unwanted infrared radiation. The plurality of IR radiation detectors are aligned with a desired field of view so as to receive IR radiation radiating from any objects in the field of view such that a first portion of the IR radiation engages and is absorbed by IR radiation detectors, while a second portion of the IR radiation engages and is absorbed by IR radiation detector is absorbed by layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods of using active infrared (AIR) sensors to map a room of a home or building and determine whether an external portal (e.g., window and/or door) of the room is open or closed are provided. In particular, the systems and methods include outputting infrared (IR) light from an IR light source of an active infrared (AIR) sensor, receiving reflected IR light with a light sensor, and determining, with a processor coupled to the light sensor, whether a window of a room is open according to the received reflected IR light.

Abstract: A system for quantifying fluorescence elicited on a substance or sample. The system has an excitation light source configured to direct light to an waveguide network. The network has a probe tip adapted to transmit excitation light to the sample and receive fluorescence light elicited from the sample. A detector is configured to receive fluorescence light from the waveguide network and output a signal corresponding to the fluorescence light power, and a control system including a memory component configured to store signal to noise ratio threshold values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring a value of constituents in a mixed constituent gas having at least one broad band absorber constituent therein and at least one lock constituent are provided. The system uses a combination of integrated cavity output spectroscopy and cavity ringdown spectroscopy to determine the measurement values of constituents in a cavity of a spectrometer. Cavity ringdown in the presence of the at least one broadband absorber constituent and a reference concentration value are used to determine the constituent measurement values when the spectral width of the laser tuning range is overlapped by the absorption band of the broad band absorber in the cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for analyzing fluids. The method for analyzing a chemical sample within a wellbore, contained within an interrogation device, may comprise broadcasting a coherent light from a frequency comb module, directing the coherent light through a fiber optic line to the interrogation device, irradiating the chemical sample with the coherent light, capturing light resulting from the irradiation of the chemical sample, and producing a spectrum resulting from the captured light from the chemical sample. A frequency comb system for analyzing a chemical sample may comprise a frequency comb module configured to broadcast a coherent light and a fiber optic line that extends into a wellbore to an interrogation device. The interrogation device may further be configured to contain the chemical sample for irradiation by the coherent light. The frequency comb system may further comprise a receiver and an information handling system.

Abstract: A portable detection apparatus can include a housing, a first detector for detecting ionizing radiation from a first subject and a second detector within the housing for the detecting the background radiation. A shield within the housing can surround the first and second detectors and define a shield aperture around the first and second detectors for radiation from the subject to enter the housing. A radiation blocking member can substantially block at least a portion of the ionizing radiation from reaching the second detector, whereby radiation detected by the second detector comprises substantially only the background radiation. A processor module can be connected to the first and second detectors for determining the amount of ionizing radiation detected by the first detector attributable to secondary radiation.

Abstract: A covert information viewing system converts visible light to infrared wavelengths that can be transmitted for detection by an infrared-sensitive detector, such as night vision goggles, without detection by the human eye. The system includes a visible light information source emitting radiation as visible light, and a covert covering including an energy converting layer for absorbing the visible light emitted from the visible light information source and converting the visible light to infrared wavelengths, and a light blocking layer capable of absorbing unconverted visible light and transmitting infrared wavelengths. The covert covering is attached to the visible light information source and oriented to cover visible light emitted from the visible light information source, but it is also easily removed from the visible light information source.

Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling a motion position of a multi-leaf collimator are provided. An example device includes a control system and two trolleys connected with the control system. The multi-leaf collimator includes two rows of leaves arranged in opposite sides, and each of the trolleys carries one row of the leaves. Each trolley is movably connected with a first screw rod and driven by a first motor connected with the first screw rod. A first encoder is arranged on the first motor and operable to feed back first position information of the trolley to the control system. A displacement sensor is arranged on the first screw rod and operable to feed back second position information of the trolley to the control system. The control system is operable to control the motion position of the trolley based on the first position information and the second position information.

Abstract: A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that measures the UV irradiance intensity. The system can generate extrapolated UV intensity data based on measured UV intensity data to correct unreliable UV measurement due to inconsistent irradiation of UV light. The system integrates the extrapolated UV intensity data over time to calculate real-time UV dosage and vitamin D production by taking into account factors including UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The system is also adapted to measure sun exposure time based on the corrected UV intensity over a period of time. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include downhole neutron generators and methods to utilize downhole neutron generators in a downhole environment. In one embodiment, a downhole neutron generator includes a heating element to dissipate heat to a first transition metal, which heats up the first transition metal and facilitates the first transition metal to absorb deuterium and tritium gases flowing proximate said transition metal. The downhole neutron generator also includes a second transition metal separated from the target foil, where the second transition metal is doped with of deuterium and the tritium ions, and a laser to direct optical pulses onto a surface of the first transition metal to produce deuterium and the tritium ions from the absorbed deuterium and tritium, where said ions traverse through a back surface of the first transition metal to the second transition metal to interact with the doped deuterium and the tritium ions to initiate fusion reaction.