Abstract: Methods, systems, or apparatus may be directed to hosting, by a virtual machine manager of a local machine, a virtual machine having a device driver. A virtual machine manager may obtain, from a stub driver on a remote machine, information about the I/O device on the remote machine. The I/O device may be bound to a stub driver on the remote machine. The virtual machine manager may instantiate a virtual I/O device on the local machine corresponding to the I/O device on the remote machine. The virtual machine manager may then collaborate with the stub driver on the remote machine to effectuate a real access to the I/O device on the remote machine for an access to the virtual I/O device by the device driver on behalf of a program on the local machine.