Abstract: A reflective electronic display device being pixels or sub-pixels includes: a main substrate; an electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module installed on a side of the main substrate; a shaft coupled to the electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module and the main substrate; a reflector stacked on the other side of the main substrate; a first polarizer stacked on the reflector and configured to be opposite to the main substrate, and the first polarizer defining a first penetration axis; a second polarizer installed on a side of the first polarizer a side, and the second polarizer defining a second penetration axis; an electromagnetic micro-electromechanical module driving the main substrate to drive the reflector, so as to link and rotate the first polarizer and define a bright mode, a dark mode, and a grayscale mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating structured illumination images, comprising a housing; imaging optics mounted within the housing, the imaging optics configured to focus illumination from an illumination source such that an in-focus pattern of light corresponding to a pattern on a photomask is projected onto a sample; a reflector mounted within the housing and configured to reflect the illumination to a sample; a filter apparatus, comprising one or more filters mounted within the housing, the filter apparatus configured to allow only emissions from the illuminated sample to pass through to the sensor; and mounting features on the housing, the mounting features configured to allow the apparatus to be installed within an imaging system.

Abstract: A telescope mount assembly includes a hub section, a motor assembly, one or more legs extending away from the hub section, and a counterweight coupled to a portion of the hub section. The hub section includes one or more extensions that are each configured to rotate or translate about a fixed axis. The motor assembly is designed to rotate or translate one or more of the extensions. The counterweight includes a battery compartment configured to hold one or more batteries.

Abstract: A microscopy method, and related microscope, including producing illumination radiation and directing it at a focus. The illumination radiation is switched temporally between at least two modes, such that focus modulation is effected at which temporally varying and mutually different mode fields of the illumination radiation are produced in the focus. The focus is guided at least over regions of a sample to be examined, wherein detection radiation in the sample is or may be brought about by the illumination radiation in the focus at least at a point of origin. The detection radiation is captured in a manner assigned to the at least one point of origin. In addition to the illumination radiation, at least one disexcitation beam of rays of disexcitation radiation is directed at the focus. The disexcitation radiation prevents the detection radiation from being brought about in the region that is illuminated by the disexcitation radiation.

Abstract: A polarizing film provided on the viewing side in an image display device of the present invention, wherein the polarizing film has a polarizer and a first transparent resin layer on the viewing side of the polarizer. The polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, has a thickness of 10 ?m or less, and has, on the side of the first transparent resin layer, a compatible layer which is compatible with the first transparent resin layer and which corresponds to a thickness of 2 to 10% of the thickness of the polarizer. This polarizing film can make it possible to inhibit color phase changes when displaying black, even when a thin-type polarizer is being used.

Abstract: Provided is a thermal barrier film having, dispersed in a resin matrix, high-refractive-index particles having a D-line refractive index of 2.5 or more and 3.2 or less. The high-refractive-index particles have an average particle size of 2.0 ?m or more and 5.0 ?m or less. Provided are a thermal barrier film that reduces a temperature rise due to sunlight by virtue of having a high reflectance even as a thin film, has high film thickness accuracy, and has high abrasion resistance, a thermal barrier paint for forming such thermal barrier film, and an optical instrument including such thermal barrier film.

Abstract: An optical system including one or more optical lenses, at least one retarder layer, a reflective polarizer, and a partial reflector is provided. The at least one retarder layer may include first and second retarder layers having different wavelength dispersion curves. The at least one retarder layer may include a first retarder layer having a non-uniform fast axis orientation and/or a non-uniform retardance.

Abstract: With the aim of shortening the entire length and configuring an entire upright microscope compactly even if coded aperture technology and light field technology are applied thereto, a microscope pupil relay optical system is disposed on an image side of a microscope image-forming optical system including an objective lens, and includes, in the following order from an object side, a first lens group that has a positive refractive power and to which a convergent light flux is introduced from the object side; and a second lens group that has a positive refractive power. A lens located closest to the object-side end of the first lens group is disposed on the object side than a primary image-forming plane on which the microscope image-forming optical system forms an object image, and an exit pupil of the objective lens is re-formed at a position optically conjugate with the exit pupil.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate might be desirable for WGP flexibility or to aid in further processing of the WGP. Wires of the WGP can include flexible ribs to minimize or avoid defects such as cracks in the WGP. An etch stop layer in the wires can allow formation of the flexible ribs without delamination of a reflective portion of the wires. The WGP embodiments herein can have improved flexibility, stretchability, compressibility, or combinations thereof with reduced cracking, collapse, and delamination of wires or ribs.

Abstract: Provided is a display device in which generation of a ghost can be restrained. A polarizing plate is disposed adjacently to a display section. A ¼ wavelength plate is disposed adjacently to the polarizing plate. A polarizing plate is disposed adjacently to a lens. A ¼ wavelength plate is disposed adjacently to the polarizing plate. A beam splitter is disposed between the ¼ wavelength plate and the ¼ wavelength plate. The beam splitter is disposed at such a position that the air-equivalent optical path length of light that is reflected by the polarizing plate and is thereafter reflected by the beam splitter from emission of the light from the display section to transmission of the light through the lens and the air-equivalent optical path length of light that is reflected by the beam splitter and is thereafter reflected by the polarizing plate from emission of the light from the display section to transmission of the light through the lens are equal.

Abstract: An optical sheet of the present invention is an optical sheet that has flexibility and is used in a curved state of being curved in one direction, and includes a polarized layer 12 that polarizes incident light and a specific wavelength absorption layer provided on a curved concave side from the polarized layer 12 and containing a resin material and a light absorbing agent that absorbs light in a specific wavelength range out of light in a wavelength range of 350 nm to 740 nm. In addition, the resin material is preferably a polycarbonate having a viscosity average molecular weight Mv of 20,000 to 30,000.

Abstract: An optical system (e.g., a telescope) comprising an optical assembly that reflects and refracts light rays through a single window about an optical path to a detector. A field-of-view bypass assembly comprises a bypass mirror movably coupled with respect to the optical assembly. The bypass mirror is selectively translatable and tiltable between a bypass configuration and a retracted configuration. In the bypass configuration, the bypass mirror is disposed in and interrupts the primary optical path and oriented to define a secondary optical path to the detector. In the retracted configuration, the bypass mirror is both disposed out of the primary optical path and is properly shielded to prevent stray light reflections.

Abstract: The present invention is a sheet-like optical film including a release film, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a polarizing film, and a surface protective film, laminated in this order; wherein a thickness of the polarizing film is 60 ?m or less, and when a virtual center plane f is a virtual plane located at an intermediate position in total thickness of the optical film, a distance x (?m) between the virtual center plane f and the surface protective film, and a distance y (?m) between the virtual center plane f and the release film satisfy a formula x?y>?20. The sheet-like optical film of the present invention enables the release film to be easily peeled even if a thin polarizing film is used.

Abstract: An optical image lens assembly includes at least one optical lens element which is made of a plastic material and includes at least one short-wavelength light absorbing agent. The short-wavelength light absorbing agent is homogeneously mixed with the plastic material. The optical lens element including the short-wavelength light absorbing agent has refractive power, and at least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the optical lens element including the short-wavelength light absorbing agent is aspheric.

Abstract: A polarizer that can realize the multi-functionalization and high-functionalization of an electronic device, such as an image display apparatus. A polarizer including a resin film containing a dichroic substance, wherein the polarizer has a low dichroic substance concentration portion whose content of the dichroic substance is relatively low in the resin film. In the polarizer, the low dichroic substance concentration portion has a content of an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal of 3.6 wt % or less.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus are described for a head-mounted display apparatus comprising at least one optical assembly. Each optical assembly may include a first curved lens including a first surface and a second surface, a second curved lens including a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface being concave and including a beam splitter layer, the second curved lens being disposed between the first curved lens and an input filter assembly, and a display panel adapted to receive image content from an image projecting device and transmit the image content through the at least one optical assembly. The third surface of the second curved lens may have a radius of curvature that is larger than a radius of curvature of the second surface of the first curved lens.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surgical microscope and a device for switching the same among multiple working modes. The device includes an illumination rotary member and an observation rotary member that are arranged, respectively, in the illumination beam path and the observation beam path of the surgical microscope and are drivable by the same power source to rotate synchronously among multiple rotary positions corresponding to the multiple working modes. In each of the rotary positions, light from a light source of the surgical microscope passes through one or more of multiple light-through-portions of the illumination rotary member along the illumination beam path to illuminate the observed object, and then passes through one or more of multiple light-through-portions of the observation rotary member along the observation beam path to reach the eyepiece and/or an observation instrument of the surgical microscope.

Abstract: An imaging system may include a sample stage comprising a surface to support a sample container, the sample container having a plurality of sample locations; an optical stage having an objective lens, the optical stage being positionable relative to the sample stage to image samples at the sample locations; an actuator physically coupled to at least one of the sample stage and the optical stage to move the sample stage relative to the optical stage to focus the optical stage onto a current sample location; and a drive circuit to determine a focus setting for a next sample location and to provide a drive signal to the actuator before the optical stage is positioned to image a sample at the next sample location, wherein at least one parameter of the drive signal is determined using a difference between a focus setting for the current sample location and the determined focus setting for the next sample location.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes two optical path forming optical systems, an image forming optical system, two convex power sections including a convex section, provided in the two optical path forming optical systems, and disposed so as to emit emitted light from the two optical path forming optical systems to the image forming optical system, and an aperture member including two openings configured to transmit the light emitted from the two convex power sections. The centers of the two openings are respectively located on the optical axis side of the image forming optical system with respect to the two optical axes of the two optical path forming optical systems.

Abstract: An optical filter including a polarizer and a visible light blocking filter is described. The polarizer is configured to transmit at least 60 percent of light in a first infrared wavelength range that is incident on the polarizer at normal incidence in a first polarization state, to transmit less than 30 percent of light in a second infrared wavelength that is incident on the polarizer at normal incidence in a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state, and to transmit less than 30 percent of light in a third infrared wavelength range that is incident on the polarizer with a 50 degree angle of incidence in the second polarization state. The visible light blocking filter configured to transmit at least 60 percent of light in the first infrared wavelength range at normal incidence in the first polarization state.