Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for increasing the dendritic spine formation or dendritic spine density in a subject, who is affected by a dendritic spine defect caused by the impairment in neurofibromin (NF1 protein), valosin-containing protein (VCP), atlastin-1 (ATL1), or superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Accordingly, also disclosed herein is a method for treating a subject having or suspected of having a synaptopathy caused by the impairment in NF1, VCP, ATL1, or SOD1.

Abstract: The inventors surprisingly found that an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma can promote neurite outgrowth, suggesting that the immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma can treat and/or prevent neurological disorders. Accordingly, the invention provides a method for promoting neurite outgrowth, the method comprising exposing the neuron to an effective amount of an immunomodulatory protein derived from Ganoderma, or a recombinant or a composition thereof. The invention also provides a method for treating and/or preventing a neurological disorder, the method comprising administering an effective amount of an immunomodulatory protein derived from Ganoderma, or a recombinant or a composition thereof to a subject.

Abstract: A keratin hydrogel matrix serves as an effective acellular scaffold for axonal regeneration and facilitates functional nerve recovery.

Abstract: A method of treating a cocaine-related disorder in an individual is provided, the method including administering to the individual a therapeutic amount of an antibody comprising a human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain and a murine lambda light chain. In a specific embodiment, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody comprising a murine lambda light chain variable region, a human gamma heavy chain variable region, and a human kappa or lambda light chain constant region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inhibitor of Hairy and Enhancer of Split 3 (Hes3) or for use in treating a tumor. The invention further relates to an in-vitro method for diagnosing a tumor, comprising determining the amount of Hes3 protein in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived sample obtained from a subject, wherein an increased amount of Hes3 protein is indicative of the presence of a tumor.

Abstract: This invention relates to coated digestive enzyme preparations and enzyme delivery systems and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the preparations. This invention further relates to methods of preparation and use of the systems, pharmaceutical compositions and preparations to treat persons having ADD, ADHD, autism, cystic fibrosis and other behavioral and neurological disorders.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of use are provided for intrabodies that bind and alter the effects of poly-glutamate protein aggregation in poly-glutamate associated diseases, such as in Huntington's disease. Intrabodies are provided that prevent poly-glutamate aggregation, gene dysregulation, and negative effects of Huntington's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of multiple doses of Cladribine combined with beta interferon for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in patients who are refractory to at least one conventional therapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for identifying cognitive enhancers able to enhance CREB pathway function. Cognitive enhancers identified in accordance with the invention can be used in rehabilitating an animal with cognitive dysfunction and for enhancing memory or normal cognitive performance (ability or function) in the animal.

Abstract: Provided are novel specific binding molecules, particularly human antibodies as well as fragments, derivatives and variants thereof that recognize neoepitopes of disease-associated proteins which derive from native endogenous proteins but are prevalent in the body of a patient in a variant form and/or out of their normal physiological context. In addition, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such binding molecules, antibodies and mimics thereof and methods of screening for novel binding molecules, which may or may not be antibodies as well as targets in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease are described.

Abstract: A method of using biologics to treat chronic brain injury or spasticity due to stroke, trauma and other causes. Preferred embodiments include perispinal, parenteral, transepidermal or intranasal use of TNF antagonists. The TNF antagonists include TNF receptor fusion proteins, TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), humanized TNF mAbs, fully human TNF mAbs, chimeric TNF mAbs, domain TNF antibodies, mAB fragments, anti-TNF nanobodies, dominant negative TNF constructs and TNF inhibitory single chain antibody fragments. One of the preferred embodiments of this invention is the perispinal administration of etanercept for treatment of mammals following stroke. The use of Trendelenburg positioning, catheters, pumps, or depot formulations are included.

Abstract: Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the predominant cell type found in cerebral white matter, are essential for structural integrity and proper neural signaling. Very little is known concerning stroke-induced OL dysfunction. Infusion of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells protects striatal white matter tracts in vivo and directly protects mature primary OL cultures from oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Microarray studies of RNA prepared from OL cultures subjected to OGD and treated with HUCB cells showed an increase in the expression of 33 genes associated with OL proliferation, survival, and repair functions, such as myelination. Immunohistochemistry showed antioxidant protein expression was upregluated in the ipsilateral white matter tracts of rats infused with HUCB cells 48 hrs after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). These results show expression of genes induced by HUCB cell therapy that could confer oligoprotection from ischemia.

Abstract: A method for detecting a neurological disease associated with cognitive impairment, wherein the extracellular domain of EphA4 is measured from a biological sample taken from a subject.

Abstract: Methods of treating neuronal disorders, such as mechanical neuronal traumas and neurodegenerative disorders, with TWEAK or a TWEAK receptor blocking agents are presented.

Abstract: Methods for treating a cocaine-related disorder in an individual include administering to the individual a therapeutic amount of an antibody comprising a human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain and a murine lambda light chain. In another embodiment, the light chain includes a human kappa light chain at least partially derived from 1B3. Other embodiments are directed toward the antibodies themselves and methods of binding the antibodies.

Abstract: This invention relates to coated digestive enzyme preparations and enzyme delivery systems and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the preparations. This invention further relates to methods of preparation and use of the systems, pharmaceutical compositions and preparations to treat persons having ADD, ADHD, autism, cystic fibrosis and other behavioral and neurological disorders.

Abstract: Provided are novel specific binding molecules, particularly human antibodies as well as fragments, derivatives and variants thereof that recognize neoepitopes of disease-associated proteins which derive from native endogenous proteins but are prevalent in the body of a patient in a variant form and/or out of their normal physiological context. In addition, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such binding molecules, antibodies and mimics thereof and methods of screening for novel binding molecules, which may or may not be antibodies as well as targets in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease are described.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for identifying activators and inhibitors of actions of interleukin-34 (IL-34) that are independent of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) and play a role in development, homeostasis and disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isolated cell obtainable from the CTX0E03 neural stem cell line for use in the treatment of a disorder associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, wherein the disorder is selected from unipolar and bipolar depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism and autistic syndrome disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for identifying patients at increased risk of developing an adverse neurological event in response to a cancer treatment. Methods also include modifying the treatment regimen of said patent dependent on the presence or absence of biomarkers in the patient.