Abstract: The present invention claims a unique way to pattern an optical microstructure immediately on top of a mass produced light-emitting device, such as a light emitting diode (LED), a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) or a photo detector, for the purpose of efficient coupling of light to or from the active region of the light-emitting device. The invention addresses the need to effectively and efficiently extract light from the light-emitting optoelectronic device. Finally, the invention allows for the optical microstructure to be deposited and patterned directly over the light-emitting device contained on a suitable substrate, such as a wafer.

Abstract: Optical waveguides of the type which include a light-transmitting core and a cladding layer on said core. The optical waveguide can be planar or cylindrical such as an optical fiber. The optical waveguide is provided with an additional coating of highly biaxial or uniaxial crystalline material with different refraction indices in different directions.