Abstract: In a tomography apparatus and a method for operating a tomography apparatus for generation of multiple energy images, in which high-energy projections and low-energy projections are acquired by alternating adjustment of a voltage and a further control variable (namely the current or the exposure time), given a set first voltage value and a set first control value of the further control variable, and given a set second voltage value and a set second control value of the further control variable, x-rays generated by an x-ray radiator exhibit essentially the same x-ray dose or photon flow.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus (10) for cooling a detector (52), the cooling apparatus including an inner and an outer countercurrent heat exchanger (12 and 14, respectively) for a first and a second gas in a thermally insulating housing (16), the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) being arranged within a sublength of the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14), and the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) being spatially separated from the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14) by an outer sleeve (18). In this apparatus, the outer sleeve (18) has a partition plate (32) between an expansion nozzle (28) for the first gas located at the end of the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) and the remaining part of the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14).

Abstract: A setting apparatus for a remote monitoring and controlling system allows a decrease in the size of a portable unit. The setting apparatus includes a stationary unit fixed to an installation surface and a portable unit detachably attached to the stationary unit. A battery receiving portion for receiving a battery is protruded backwardly from the rear surface of the portable unit. By receiving the battery receiving portion of the portable unit in a reception concave portion of the stationary unit and engaging a coupling convex portion with a coupling concave portion of the battery receiving portion, the portable unit is detachably attached to the stationary unit. Since the coupling concave portion for coupling to the stationary unit is formed in the battery receiving portion of the portable unit, the portable unit has a decreased size, compared with a case when the portion coupled to the stationary unit is provided independent of the battery receiving portion.

Abstract: A silicon layer interposed between the top silicon nitride layer (SiN) and a silicon germanium layer (SiGe) which in turn is over a thick oxide (BOX) is selectively etched to leave a stack with a width that sets the gate length. A sidewall insulating layer is formed on the SiGe layer leaving the sidewall of the Si layer exposed. Silicon is epitaxially grown from the exposed silicon sidewall to form in-situ-doped silicon source/drain regions. The nitride layer is removed using the source/drain regions as a boundary for an upper gate location. The source/drain regions are coated with a dielectric. The SiGe layer is removed to provide a lower gate location. Both the upper and lower gate locations are filled with metal to form upper and lower gates for the transistor.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to calibrate fluorescence detection of a fluorescence microscope by using a near-perfectly uniform reflector as a target in combination with temporary removal of the microscope's emission filter. Excitation light is reflected from the near-perfectly uniform reflector back into the microscope's objective optical system and transmitted to a dichroic. A small fraction of the excitation light passes though the dichroic and is measured by a CCD camera or other appropriate measurement device. By measuring the intensity of the residual excitation light at a plurality of points in the field of view, variations in illumination intensity may be determined. Using this, fluorescence detection at different points in the field of view may be readily calibrated.

Abstract: A measuring device measures sensitivity distribution of a photo sensor including a light projector element for projecting detection light externally, and a photoreceptor element for receiving the detection light reflected externally, and photoelectrically detects an article. The measuring device includes a test panel, having a test pattern, formed on a surface thereof and in at least two colors, for being read by the photo sensor photoelectrically for inspection. A moving mechanism moves the test panel relative to the photo sensor and at a regular speed. A controller actuates the moving mechanism, and evaluates an output from the photoreceptor element, in order to determine the sensitivity distribution of the photo sensor according thereto. Sensitivity distribution of the photo sensor is initially expressed two-dimensionally. Also, a plurality of the sensitivity distribution being obtained are used to determine sensitivity distribution of the photo sensor expressed three-dimensionally.

Abstract: A wafer detection method. A plurality of PSL particles are sprayed on a wafer. An inspection operation is implemented on the wafer to obtain location information corresponding to a plurality of defects on the wafer, each location information corresponding to the defects comprises an error value. An inspection operation implemented on the PSL particles to obtain location information corresponding to the PSL particles. Offset location information corresponding to each defect is calculated according to the location information corresponding to each PSL particle. The error values corresponding to each defect are corrected according to the offset location information corresponding to each defect.

Abstract: An ultrathin optical panel, and a method of producing an ultrathin optical panel, are disclosed, including stacking a plurality of glass sheets, which sheets may be coated with a transparent cladding substance or may be uncoated, fastening together the plurality of stacked coated glass sheets using an epoxy or ultraviolet adhesive, applying uniform pressure to the stack, curing the stack, sawing the stack to form an inlet face on a side of the stack and an outlet face on an opposed side of the stack, bonding a coupler to the inlet face of the stack, and fastening the stack, having the coupler bonded thereto, within a rectangular housing having an open front which is aligned with the outlet face, the rectangular housing having therein a light generator which is optically aligned with the coupler. The light generator is preferably placed parallel to and proximate with the inlet face, thereby allowing for a reduction in the depth of the housing.

Abstract: A telecommunication cable includes a layer comprising wetted water-absorptive powder on the surface of a substrate element, thereby avoiding the use of adhesives to bind the dry superabsorbent powder. The water-absorptive powder may be adhered to the surface of the substrate element by a water-soluble adhesive material.

Abstract: A fiber optic coupler is formed by providing a glass tube having a longitudinal aperture extending therethrough. Glass optical fibers, each having a core, cladding and coating are disposed within the longitudinal aperture, the fibers extending beyond each end thereof. The coating is removed from that portion of the fibers in the midregion of the tube. The midregion of the tube is heated, collapsed about the fibers, and drawn to reduce the diameter thereof over a predetermined length. The fibers that are used in the process of making the coupler are initially provided with a coating that is too thin to provide good handleability and strength. However, the thin initial coating enables the use of a tube having a small aperture and thereby enhances the tube collapse step. After the coupler is formed, the fibers extending therefrom are overcoated. The process can be used to make other kinds of optical devices including integrated optical components.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a precision optical fiber connection system buildable with a minimum of precision-made components. Sets of fibers to be mated are contained in V-grooves in respective opposing silicon-etched fiber holders. A lense-sphere is fixedly deployed in the groove next to the end of each fiber. An initial gross positioning of the lense-spheres of the upper fiber holders with respect to their receiving grooves in the lower fiber holder, is achieved by using a cylinder disposed adjacent to the fiber grooves. Tapered sides of the upper holders engage the cylinder to funnel the lense-sphere into their receiving grooves. Also disclosed is a three-point support system for assuring that the opposing fiber groove surfaces remain parallel and do not experience relative rotation.

Abstract: An optic head designed to be fitted into a hybrid circuit. This optic head includes at least one optoelectronic semiconductor assembly and one optic fiber in alignment. In order to attach it to a hybrid circuit, the elements are all mounted on a metal wafer which serves as a reference plane. The fiber is brazed or bonded to the wafer by means of a metal tube which supports a lens. Optic head has a second optoelectronic assembly also fixed to the metal wafer, a dichroic mirror or a semi-reflecting plate sends the light beam back to the second assembly. A filter may be provided to improve the separation of the light beams. The present invention finds application to multiplexers, demultiplexers, duplexers and optic couplers.

Abstract: Optical waveguides suitable for use in high temperature environments are constructed of a waveguiding body composed of a first crystalline aluminum garnet, which is clad with an epitaxially deposited layer of a second crystalline aluminum garnet. The second crystalline aluminum garnet has a lower refractive index than the first crystalline aluminum garnet.

Abstract: A totally dielectric cable includes a core (21) comprising a plurality of optical fiber transmission media (24--24). The core is enclosed by a core tube (34) which is made of a plastic material and water blocking provisions are provided within the core tube for preventing the longitudinal migration of water. A water blocking tape (44) may be provided in engagement with an outer surface of the core tube and a plastic jacket is extruded thereover. Interposed between the outer surface of the jacket and the core tube are two diametrically opposed pluralities (60--60) of strength members each of which may be made of glass fibers. At least one strength member (62) of each plurality is rod-like to provide compressive as well as tensile strength for the cable. The remaining strength members of each plurality are relatively flexible rovings (64--64) which supplement the tensile strength of the rod-like members.

Abstract: This specification discloses an integrated type optical node comprising a substrate, a channel light waveguide formed on the substrate for connecting the transmission lines of an optical information system, an amplifying portion provided on the light waveguide for amplifying a light propagated through the waveguide, and a light branching-off portion provided on the light waveguide for coupling a light transmitter and/or a light receiver to the transmission lines. The specification also discloses an optical information system using such optical node.

Abstract: A raised-rib waveguide provides a low-loss coupling to a conventional single-mode optical fiber propagating light of a wavelength (.lambda.). An exemplary embodiment of the waveguide is disclosed for a wavelength of 0.85 .mu.m. In order to identify the values of the structural and compositional parameters of the raised-rib waveguide, a method employing a computer is used to identify a set of parameters that optimize the efficiency of the coupling of the waveguide to an optical fiber while maintaining the waveguide's ability to propagate a selected mode.

Abstract: A fiber optic scanner includes two fiber bundles, each transforming a linear array into a circular one. The circularly arranged bundle ends cooperate with synchronously rotating deflectors which, in conjunction with single line fiber optics couple a deflector to a light source, provided the linear ends of the two bundles are positioned to be coupled to each other through a field of view.

Abstract: A laser signal coupling device one embodiment of which comprises a transmitter where a laser diode is coupled to a single mode fiber optic cable through the use of a lens whose position relative the diode is kept constant but whose length is adjusted to obtain a beam waist for the focused beam at some predefined point such as inside the end of the fiber optic cable. Such a positioning of the beam waist can increase the yield by reducing the effect of alignment variations in axial, radial and angular directions as well as reduce noise from fiber end surface reflections. The same concept may be used to accurately focus signaling received from an optic cable, in a surface of a signal detector. Further, the concept may be used for focusing between optic cable of different types such as converting from multi-mode to single-mode fiber optic cable.

Abstract: An optical fiber unit including a plurality of sub-units. Each sub-units includes a plurality of optical fibers. Further, the sub-units are twisted together, with a twist pitch in the range of from 30 to 600 mm. Each group of optical fibers are coated with a primary layer to form a sub-unit. The sub-units are then twisted together and coated by a secondary coating. A porous layer is applied onto the secondary layer, thus forming the optical fiber unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of creating an index grating in an optical fiber comprising disposing a slit mask containing one or more slits over a side of an optical fiber, illuminating the fiber through the slit mask by substantially monochromatic ultraviolet light for a short interval, whereby an index grating line is created and stored in the core of the fiber.