Abstract: A process and apparatus for obtaining the emulsification of two or more nonmiscible liquids is disclosed. The process includes the step of passing at least one of the liquids through a passive device in the flow path of the liquid. The passive device in its preferred form is so dimensioned that the liquid passes through a first section of decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the pressure for the liquid decreases below its Clausius-Calpeyron pressure for the temperature of the liquid thus resulting in the formation of bubbles in the liquid. The liquid containing bubbles then passes through a section of uniform cross-sectional area wherein the bubbles fully develop. Thereafter, the bubbles are permitted to violently contract and expand in a mixture of the two or more nonmiscible liquids to obtain the desired emulsification. A passive apparatus for obtaining the above is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mixing device for intimately mixing two or more different materials including a rotatable member of circular cross section, a shaft rotatable along with the rotatable member having two or more vertically spaced discs fastened thereto, and means for introducing one of the materials onto each disc, so that centrifugal force throws the materials onto the inner wall of the rotating member, thereby causing intimate blending or mixing.

Abstract: An automatic device for the final proofing of dough materials, provided with a housing; a number of trays for carrying dough materials, said trays being attached to a pair of chains therebetween, and arranged always to maintain a substantially horizontal position and to incline in the same single direction when left unsupported, said chains being positioned within the housing and arranged to move horizontally and make a U-turn to a higher level at each end of the horizontal path and, upon completion of the movement at the highest level, return to the starting position; a number of vertically arranged openings with valves for the supply of heated gas and/or wet gas, adapted to free adjustment as to the optimum space within the housing for fermentation, thereby enabling the optimum fermentation of the dough materials at any given length of time.

Abstract: In an apparatus for making organic fertilizer from waste organic materials by aerobic fermentation, the interior of an inclined slowly rotating digester cylinder is provided with a series of knives which gradually cut and shred the softer components of the raw material and a series of heavy chains located downstream from said knives, which said chains have overlapping loops which crush and grind hard and brittle components of the raw material, all while the material is in process of aerobic fermentation. Materials which resist the comminuting action of both the knives and chains are discharged with the digested organic materials and are then separated therefrom. The apparatus is capable of accepting and treating municipal garbage and refuse without prior separation of unwanted material, and without preliminary grinding of the material prior to its introduction into the digester.

Abstract: Device for wrapping thin dough sheets around a mixture of minced vegetables and meat. The mixture is wrapped into the sheet by the reciprocal movement of a belt. One end of the belt is secured to a cradle and the other end to a slide plate. The latter is reciprocated by a cam mechanism connected to a main spindle.

Abstract: Device for conveying or transferring rolled food, namely semi-finished materials in a chain of procedural steps to the next step. A comb-shaped cradle is secured to each stage processing device, and travelling comb-shaped cradles pass the fixed cradles upwardly, thus the materials on the fixed cradles are moved to the travelling cradles. The latter move above the fixed cradles of the next stages and pass the fixed cradles downwardly, thus the semi-finished materials are put on the fixed cradles of the next stages.

Abstract: Device for processing dough, specifically one that forms dough sheets having a desired thickness and bakes them. Dough in a hopper is injected from a flat nozzle by a gear pump and stuck onto the rotating drum. The latter is heated and the dough sheet is baked on it. The sheet is released from the drum by a releasing plate contacted with the drum.