Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of isocyanates and of isocyanate derivatives. Isocyanates are obtained by reacting an organic halide with a metal cyanate in an organic medium in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of nickel with at least one organic ligand, in which complex the nickel is in the zero oxidation state.A carbamate or a urea, respectively, are obtained by a subsequent reaction with a hydroxy compound or a primary or secondary amine.Isocyanates and their derivatives are used especially either as refined synthesis agents for the production of pesticides and medications, or as monomers or comonomers for the preparation of many macromolecular compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antisecretory agents represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is lower alkylthio, (2-thienylmethyl)thio or SCH.sub.2 -- COOR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a lower alkylthio or (2-thienylmethyl)thio, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 2-imidazolidinylidene; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each the same lower alkyl, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a cyclohexane wherein said carbon atom is a spiro atom in common with the cyclohexane ring and the adjoining dioxane ring.

Abstract: High operating temperature and pressure differentials in a helical tube waste heat boiler employed to cool hot, soot-containing synthesis gas produced by the partial combustion of carbonaceous fuels, are avoided by precooling the hot synthesis gas from the partial combustion reactor by passing it over one or more cooling tubes which are externally insulated with a refractory material of a specified thickness, e.g., at least 10 millimeters, in a primary cooling zone, prior to introduction into the waste heat boiler. High pressure steam from the waste heat boiler can beneficially be employed as the coolant medium in the primary cooling zone thereby providing an economical source of superheated, high pressure steam.

Abstract: This is an improved process of manufacturing N-acyl derivatives of glycines .alpha.-substituted by radicals with an aromatic nature by condensation of the addition product of glyoxylic acid and an amide, with an aromatic compound. In a first stage, the reaction is carried out at low temperature, in a concentrated sulfuric medium, of an aliphatic nitrile of the formula R--C.tbd.N in which R is a radical selected from the group of substituted and unsubstituted, saturated and unsaturated alkyl radicals, with a concentrated aqueous solution of glyoxylic acid. Then in a second stage, the mixture obtained is condensed also at low temperature with a compound of aromatic nature not including a hydroxyl group and having at least one substitutable free hydrogen, and the resulting product is collected. The concentrated sulfuric acid may be supplemented with acetic acid during the second stage. A surface active agent may be also added in this stage.

Abstract: 6,7-Disubstituted-5-(acyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester and amide derivatives thereof and combinations of these compounds with antikaluretic agents are disclosed having diuretic-saluretic, uricosuric and antihypertensive activity.

Abstract: Thiophene ethanolamines substituted on the nitrogen atom with an alkyl or aralkyl radical and optionally substituted on the thiophene portion, are disclosed. The thiophene ethanolamines possess antihypertensive and .beta.-receptor blocking activities. Methods for their preparation and use are given.

Abstract: Acylamino heteroaryl compounds in which the heteroaryl nucleus is a 5-membered ring containing a single heteroatom, which may be oxygen, or sulphur, methods of making the compounds and pharmaceutical formulations containing the compounds. The compounds have anti-allergy activity.

Abstract: Heteroarylbenzoxepin-acetic acids, esters thereof, novel precursors thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and processes for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds are useful as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to the continuous production of iso- or terephthalic acid in a stirred reaction zone by catalytic air oxidation of m- or p-xylene in the presence of a benzoic acid-water liquid solvent system at constant gauge pressure within the range of 7 to 21 kg/cm.sup.2 wherein oxidation temperature within the range of 175.degree. to 235.degree. C. is maintained substantially constant by the novel control thereof by only varying the flow rate of water condensate reflux to the oxidation zone. The invention further pertains to novel means for achieving such temperature control.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 individually are hydrogen, halo, alkyl or nitro; one of X.sup.1 or X.sup.2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl or nitro and the other X.sup.1 or X.sup.2 is --SO.sub.2 N(R.sup.3) (SnR.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6) wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 individually are alkyl or aryl, possess pesticidal activity.

Abstract: The esters are soluble in an aqueous solution of a base before exposure to actinic radiation but, on exposure to actinic radiation, polymerize and become insoluble in such an aqueous solution. Development of photopolymerized images does not therefore require the use of toxic or flammable organic solvents. They contain free carboxyl groups and at least one unit of the formula 1-IV ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a carbon atom chain containing specified groupings, such as one of formula --CH.dbd.CH--CO--CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CHCO--, --COCH.dbd.CHC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.dbd.CHCO--, or ##STR2## and Y is oxygen or sulfur. They are obtained by the reaction of an at least dianhydride of a polycarboxylic acid with alcoholic hydroxyl groups of an alcohol containing at least one unit of formula I-IV.

Abstract: 7-[3.alpha.-(3-hydroxy-3-hydrocarbylpropyl, or -1-propenyl, or 1-propynyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-2.beta.-thienyl]-heptanoic or 5-heptenoic acids, sulfoxides, sulfones, esters or salts thereof are stable, prostaglandin-like acting and antiasthmatic agents.

Abstract: Macrocyclic polyethers, their preparation, complexes of these macrocyclic polyethers and their preparation are described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## and X is hydrogen, halo, alkyl, cyano or nitro, Y is oxygen or sulfur and R is lower alkyl, have been found to be excellent pesticides.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of biotin is disclosed wherein said process employs inexpensive starting materials and reagents resulting in the obtention of biotin devoid of the biologically inactive stereoisomers.