Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring low energy radiation from a sample provided on a sample carrier (6, 6I). The sample is positioned in a shielded cavity (8) between two oppositely aligned Geiger-Müller tubes (11, 12) such that sample radiation either reaches both of the tubes or one of the tubes, in which case the other tube is for measuring background radiation only. Both tubes are used for measuring coincidental pulses, which are disregarded. A background radiation value, to be subtracted for obtaining a sample radiation value, is determined using either a historical background radiation value or both the historical background radiation value and a background radiation value obtained during the actual sample measurement. In the case of both tubes measuring sample radiation, there can be provided a third Geiger-Müller tube (13) for measuring background radiation only.

Abstract: A nuclear logging-while-drilling measuring systems, and the correction of the formation property measurements for adverse effects of instrument standoff from the borehole wall, is disclosed. Detector responses for one or more downhole detectors are sampled and recorded over a time segment. The response samples are then sorted by magnitude, and a running integral of the sorted samples as a function of time is performed over the time segment. Linear segments are then fitted to the running integral, wherein each straight line segment is a function of one or more formation properties, and also a function of the standoff distance of the detector from the borehole wall. Segments are then combined to obtain a measure of one or more formation properties of interest such as formation density, where the adverse effects of borehole standoff are minimized. Standoff magnitude is also obtained and can be used to correct other logs, such as a neutron porosity log, for adverse effects of tool standoff and borehole size.

Abstract: A device for detecting properties of a moving web of paper, more specifically for production control in the paper making process, comprising an infrared lighting device suited for illuminating the web of paper with infrared light and a detector device for detecting light reflected or transmitted by the web of paper which is provided with a light input portion. The infrared lighting device is provided with a light source in the form of a long, rod-shaped infrared emitter, the light source being accommodated in a housing having a front plate facing the web of paper. An exit window, through which the light from the light source passes to impinge upon the web of paper, is tight-fittingly received in an aperture in the front plate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for computed radiography includes an optical pump source which may be a plurality of light emitting diodes or a movable laser. Pumping light from the optical pump source is carried through each of a plurality of optical fibers arranged in a linear array to a previously-exposed computed radiography plate having a latent X-ray image formed thereon. The plate is moved with respect to the fibers. One of a second plurality of optical fibers arranged in a linear array or a light pipe receives light emitted from the radiographic medium due to excitation by the pumping light. The second plurality of optical fibers or light pipe supplies the emitted light to an optical source, which may be a photodiode or a photomultiplier tube, where an image signal responsive to the light intensity of the emitted light is generated. The image signal is digitized and sent to a processor which generates an image representative of the latent X-ray image on the computed radiography plate.

Abstract: A method for spectroscopically determining the concentration of alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, especially ethanol, in liquid probes, especially alcohol-containing food products, healing preparations, cosmetic products and the like. The absorption of light by the probe is measured at at least one wave length in the range of 1100 nm to 1300 nm, and preferably in the range of 1150 nm to 1250 nm. The alcohol concentration is determined from the measured absorption with the help of a calibration. The alcohol content of a liquid probe can be determined in a simple and fast manner and over a large concentration range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting, locating, isolating and controlling variations in the manufacturing process by transient thermography. A heat source (200) imparts heat to a surface which is radiated in the infrared region. Infrared sensors (204, 206, 208, 210) are coupled to a processor which tracks the physical characteristics of the sample, and provides feedback to a central process controller to make adjustments to the manufacturing process. The sample can be a continuous product such as a green powder metal sheet or tobacco product.

Abstract: An elongated heat detection device identifies heat sources based upon infrared radiation. The device includes a purged and sealed instrumentation chamber and a rugged and shock absorbing case. The case surrounds and protects the chamber and includes anti-roll features. The instrumentation is provided in a forward end of the device and is capable of being plugged into the balance of the device for rapid repair and replacement. The power supply is contained in a rear end of the device and the case forms a portion of the power supply circuit. The device employs a startup test of the sensor and the power supply. Also, the power supply is continuously monitored. The device also employs a lost device locator such that the device can be readily located after being misplaced. Moreover, the device has a signal expanding feature that allows a heat source that is rapidly passed over to be relocated on subsequent sweeps of the device.

Abstract: A diagnostic imaging system includes a rotating gantry (16; 216) which defines a subject receiving aperture (18; 218). A rotatable source of high energy penetrating radiation (20; 220) and a corresponding two-dimensional flat panel x-ray detector (26; 226) are disposed across the subject receiving aperture (18; 218). A plurality of nuclear detector heads (40a , 40b; 240a-240c) are movably attached to the rotating gantry (16; 216) in order to detect radiation emitted by a radiopharmaceutical injected into the subject (12; 212). Each of the nuclear detector heads (40a, 40b; 240a-240c) within the system includes a variable radiation shield (42a, 42b) disposed adjacent a radiation receiving face on the detector head. The diagnostic imaging system may be operated in a fluoroscopic/radiographic mode in which an isocentric x-ray beam strikes the center of the detector surface or in a volume imaging mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray detector for converting X-rays (27) into electric charges, including a scintillator arrangement (21) and a photosensor arrangement (28) which is situated therebelow; the light that is incident in openings Z between the pixels P is reflected to the photosensor D by means of a reflector arrangement (23) so that it contributes to an increased signal without degrading the spatial resolution of the X-ray detector.

Abstract: Stimulating rays produced by a line light source are linearly irradiated onto an area of a stimulable phosphor sheet, on which a radiation image has been stored. Light, which is emitted from the linear area of the sheet exposed to the linear stimulating rays, is received and photoelectrically converted by a line sensor. Outputs of the line sensor are corrected in accordance with variation in sensitivity among a plurality of pixel regions of the line sensor, which pixel regions are arrayed along the length direction of the linear area of the stimulable phosphor sheet.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a well logging tool having a controllable radiation source operatively coupled to a power source. The method includes monitoring at least one condition in a wellbore, and operatively disconnecting the power source from the radiation source when the at least one condition changes. Also disclosed is a downhole measurement assembly, which includes a radiation source, a power source, and at least one interlock operatively connected between the power source and the radiation source, where the at least one interlock is adapted to selectively arm and disarm the radiation source.

Abstract: A fiber optic coupling plate (24) has a sample viewing face for receiving light from a sample (12), an output window (18) for conveying sample originating (emitted) light to an imaging detector and an additional window through which excitation radiation can be projected. A primary light is provided through the plate made up of optical fibers which will convey light entering the viewing face, directly and with minimal loss, to the output window, and a secondary light path separate from the primary light path, by which excitation radiation entering the additional window is conveyed to the viewing face for irradiating the sample.

Abstract: An optical gas sensor has a compact design and without movable optical elements, with at least one radiation source (8), at least one measuring detector (9, 12) and a reference detector (11). The reflecting measuring cuvette is designed as an annular space (1) between a first, inner cylinder section (6) and a second, outer cylinder section (2) that is concentric thereto. The annular space (1) is limited by a cover element (5) and a bottom element (7) arranged at a spaced location therefrom in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The cover element (5) is permeable to the measuring gas. The bottom element (7) accommodates the radiation source (8).

Abstract: A nuclear imaging system comprising: first and second radiation detectors, each comprising an imaging surface facing each other and each having an extent; an radiation source, situated outside a space defined by a largest parallelepiped formed on two sides by said first and second detectors, which irradiates the second detector; and an axis about which the first and second detectors and the radiation source rotate together; wherein the field of view of the radiation source, defined by lines connecting the external source and the edges of the second detector, encompass the axis of rotation.

Abstract: An X-Ray cassette (1) and a device (10) for reading information stored in a memory layer (15) are disclosed. This device (10) contains a radiation source (11) to excite a row (34) of the memory layer (15). The row (34) emits an emission radiation (17) because of this excitation. The device (10) based on the invention contains a receptor (12) to receive the emission radiation (17). The receptor (12) includes a number of light-sensitive surfaces (18) that are arranged in adjacent rows. According to the invention, the dimension of the light-sensitive surfaces (18) of the receptor (12) arranged perpendicular to the orientation (A) of the rows (34) is greater than that oriented along the row direction (B). Alternatively or additionally, the device can include an optical projector (14) by means of which the emission radiation (17) is projected onto the receptor (12).

Abstract: A method for calibrating automatic infrared sensing devices having control modules, an IR detector, and an IR emitter by using a select infrared emitter/detector pair to calibrate a plurality of control modules wherein an appropriate infrared emitter input value to the select infrared emitter is obtained to provide a given output from the select infrared detector in response to infrared radiation reflected from a known test object, and the appropriate infrared emitter input value is then determined and stored permanently in one or more control modules as a calibration standard.

Abstract: An image signal representing radiation image information on an object stored on a stimulable phosphor sheet is read out by scanning the stimulable phosphor sheet with a stimulating light beam and photoelectrically detecting light emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon stimulation thereof by a photodetector having a photoelectric surface. A variable transmittance medium whose transmittance to the light emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon stimulation thereof is variable continuously or stepwise is inserted into the optical path of the light between the stimulable phosphor sheet and the photoelectric surface of the photodetector The transmittance of the variable transmittance medium is changed according to the amount of light emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon stimulation thereof so that the photoelectric surface is not saturated by an excessive amount of light impinging thereupon.

Abstract: A measurement method and apparatus, which are capable of simply measuring the water content of an object with a high degree of accuracy, is characterized by irradiating the surface of the object with at least two monochromatic light beams having different wave length values, one of the wave length values being less than 1350 nm; measuring the intensity of light for each of the light beams reflected from the surface of the object using a light intensity-measurement unit; obtaining the reflective absorbance (A&lgr;) of each light beam; calculating a reflective-absorbance differences (&Dgr;A&lgr;) between, or a reflective-absorbance ratio (A&lgr;′) of, the respective light beams, respectively; and estimating the water content of the measured object by using the relationship between water content and the reflective-absorbance differences or reflective-absorbance ratio, which relationship stored in a memory device in advance.

Abstract: An isotope gas measuring apparatus for measuring concentrations of components in a sample gas includes two sample cells through which the sample gas passes; a control cell filled with a gas having no absorbance at a wavelength of infrared light to be measured; a light source irradiating infrared light to the sample cells and the control cell; an optical coupler for coupling light permeated from the sample cells and the control cell; a first interference filter disposed between one sample cell and the optical coupler; a second interference filter disposed between the other sample cell and the optical coupler; and an optical detector for detecting infrared light from the optical coupler. The apparatus can minimize an influence of drift, and have a simple structure.

Abstract: A method of the present invention includes exposing a structure to first electromagnetic radiation including at least one wavelength absorbed by a predetermined substance that is to be detected. Such substance can be water, a water-soluble substance, or fungi, the presence of which can be a significant problem in a structure such as a house or building. The method includes sensing second electromagnetic radiation from the structure, the second radiation based on the first radiation. The method also includes determining whether the substance is present in the structure, based on the sensed second radiation. If the substance to be detected is water and the determining step reveals a water-suspect area in the structure, the method can include testing the water-suspect area of the structure to determine whether water is present therein. If water is confirmed by the determination to be present in the structure, the method can include a step of determining the source of the water.