Abstract: A heat exchanger has a multiplicity of modules with an outer shell which is open at the top and the bottom and is joined with other modules in a stacked array. The heat exchanger has an insulating partition which is attached to the inside surface of the shell and divides the shell into two or more flow channels. The insulating partition has a hole which connects the flow channels defined by the shell and baffle. The hole is occupied by a heat-conductive heat storage reservoir, so that heat flow from one channel to another is through the heat storage reservoir. In this way, heat may pass from one flow channel into the storage reservoir and at a latter time be exchanged with a fluid flowing in another flow channel. Heat exchange modules have multiple flow channels and the flow channels preferably have heat conducting fins for increasing the heat transfer between the flow channels and the heat storage reservoir.

Abstract: A cooling water expansion tank having a level-fixing device which prevents cooling water from running out when the filling pipe is opened after driving operation and when filling the expansion tank. The level-fixing device has a positive pressure valve which is located in the vent conduit and is closed during filling. The filling pipe is provided with an overflow edge which is at least at the same height as the cooling water level at maximum expansion height.

Abstract: A container, having a plurality of microspheres, the microspheres containing substances, which when liberated from the microspheres, result in an endothermic or exothermic reaction or change of state resulting in a temperature change to the proximate container and contents contained therein, for bringing the contents to a substantially cooled or heated condition with respect to starting temperature.

Abstract: A thermal storage device interacting with a circulating coolant in an air conditioning system is disclosed. The thermal storage device includes a hollow ball containing a liquid to be frozen by the circulating coolant. A generall ball-shaped flexible air pocket is disposed in the hollow ball. An elongated weight member has one end connected to the air pocket and the other end extended to the internal face of the hollow ball, so that the center of the air pocket can be kept in the geometrical center of the hollow ball. The elongated weight member has a predetermined weight so that the total weight of the hollow ball, the air pocket and the elongated weight member is greater than the buoyancy force exerted on the hollow ball by the recirculating coolant. Therefore, the thermal storage device can always be submerged in the recirculating coolant and thus achieve a good heat transfer effect.

Abstract: An active cooling circuit through which cooling liquid circulates, is connected to an evaporation heat exchanger for cooling said cooling liquid when it has begun to warm. For this purpose, a housing encloses an evaporation chamber into which an evaporation fluid, such as water, is sprayed whereby the heat needed for the evaporation cools the cooling liquid passing through a gap between an inner and an outer wall forming said housing. The active cooling circuit passes through the gap in which eddy bodies are arranged in such positions relative to the normal flow direction of the cooling liquid through the gap to cause eddy currents in the cooling liquid flowing through the gap for an improved heat exchange. The discharge for the evaporated fluid is located at the same housing end where the spray nozzles for the injection of the evaporation fluid are located.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high speed temperature regulation of elements (12) in thermal contact with a fluid contained in liquid-vapor equilibrium inside an enclosure (10) which is closed in sealed manner and which is provided with thermal insulation, temperature regulation being provided by means of an external heat source (S) imposing a reference temperature (Tc) to the fluid contained inside the enclosure (10) and causing a corresponding variation in the temperature (Te) of the elements (12) by changing the phase of the fluid. The invention is particularly applicable to performing molecular biology reactions at controlled temperature.

Abstract: An improved cooling medium for use in a thermal energy storage system is disclosed. The cooling medium comprises water, 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane (HCFC-141b), as the guest molecule and a surfactant selected from the group consisting of DRSC.RTM., EMPHOS PS-21A.RTM., MAPHOS L13.RTM., or MAZEEN C-Z.RTM., POE(2) COCOAMINE. It has been found that any of the above surfactants, and preferably DRSC.RTM. and EMPHOS PS-21A.RTM. encourage clathrate formation at surfactant concentrations far below 300 ppm. Clathrate formation, and the overall efficiency of the thermal energy storage system is increased when the cooling medium of the present invention is used.

Abstract: A method for attaching an elastomeric gasket (12, 70) to a thermoplastic substrate (10) comprises the steps of forming the substrate (10) with a slot (20) and an upstanding projection (22) adjacent the slot (20), deforming the projection (22) into an upper portion of the slot (20) to provide a stake thereby, and molding the elastomeric gasket (12, 70) onto the substrate (10) and into the slot (20). The elastomeric gasket (12, 70) is thereby retained on the substrate (10) by the projection (22) in cooperation with the slot (20). The substrate (10) is preferably made of a nylon material, and the elastomeric gasket (12, 70) is preferably made of an EPDM polymer.

Abstract: A system of sealed heat pipes enclosing a working fluid. In the heating mode, the working fluid is evaporated and the latent heat of vaporization is transported through the heat pipes to the condenser region. The condensate returns to the evaporator region through a liquid bypass line containing a liquid storage reservoir and a heating control valve. In the cooling mode, a cooling control valve is opened to increase the specific volume of the heat pipe system. During operation, heat is absorbed from the evaporator region and transferred by the working fluid vapor through the heat pipe system to the cold media. Condensate returns to the external evaporator by a liquid return line containing a liquid storage reservoir and a cooling control valve. Electric resistance heating can be incorporated to heat the reservoir. Vapor from the reservoir passes into the heat pipe system through a check valve vapor line. Shutdown and system control are regulated by the reservoir cutoff valve and electric heating.

Abstract: An evaporation heat exchanger, especially for removing heat from a spacecraft, has a housing formed by an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which enclose a ring gap between the cylinders. A medium to be evaporated is injected into an evaporation chamber inside the inner cylinder. A cooling liquid is passed through the ring gap. Flow influencing elements are arranged in the ring gap for enhancing the heat transfer onto the inner surface of the inner cylinder for the evaporation. The flow control elements cause an eddy current of the cooling liquid. Additionally, these elements are shaped with interlocking projections and recesses to provide a mechanical coupling between the inner and outer cylinders. This coupling is capable of taking up radially extending forces in a force-locking manner, thereby preventing the bulging of the cylinders, even if the pressure in the ring gap should increase.

Abstract: A heat pipe unit comprising a relatively thin box-shaped panel body in which coolant is charged, a heat-transfer pipe provided in an upper area in the panel body in which cooling fluid is fed and a device for guiding to an inner wall of the panel body the coolant liquified by the heat-transfer pipe.

Abstract: A refractory brick for a glass fusion furnace includes a triangular hollow-prism type brick body (1) having a flow passage (1c) formed so as to extend between two opposite ends of the brick. The flow passage (1c) has a substantially triangular cross-section.

Abstract: A jet condenser of the type comprising a water chamber in a mixing chamber (24) and an after-cooler (52), wherein the water chamber is subdivided in a narrower upper water chamber portion (38a) and a broader lower water chamber portion (39b). The after-cooler (52) is fixed at the junction (66) of both water chamber portions (38a, 38b). Cooling water is injected into the mixing chamber (24) by nozzles (40) of the upper water chamber portion (38a) where it flows in vertical direction. By the reduced width of the upper water chamber portion (38a) flow resistance of steam flow in the mixing chamber (24) and, thereby, undesired subcooling is substantially diminished. (FIG. 3).

Abstract: A heat pipe radiator coating of a fibrous material provides protection for the radiator, such as a heat pipe, pumped loop, etc., while allowing good emissivity and heat rejection. Fibers are constructed from fiberglass, glass, quartz, saphire, diamond, carbon carbon, tantalum, stainless steel, aluminum, beryllium, and copper, and may be coated with a variety of metallic materials.

Abstract: An air/liquid heat exchanger having a refrigerant spray providing evaporative cooling.

Abstract: A quick disconnect heat exchanger is disclosed wherein male and corresponding female members are adapted to be slidably interconnected. Each of the respective male and female members includes a discrete fluid flow so that fluids are not mixed during heat exchange and the coupler may be disconnected without fluid loss or mixing.

Abstract: Heat from heat-generating components (13) requiring cooling in a space vehicle (2) is transferred to a heat radiator (5) through a heat-conductive cylinder (3) and heat-conductive sleeve (6) in thermal-communication contact between the heat radiator (5) and a base plate (1). Heat can be conducted to the heat-conductive cylinder (3) through a flexible heat conductor (14) in the form of a flexible heat-strap or a rigid heat conductor with flexible connection at either or both ends. The base plate (1) can be attachable to the outside or to the inside surface of an exterior portion of the space vehicle (2). If attachable to the inside surface, the entire thermal-control device can be extendable from an inside position in the vehicle. A cold plate (24) with optional laser-beam and heat-deflective construction can be positioned at the opposite side of the heat radiator (5) from the base plate (1) and can be swivelable to maximize resistance of sun heat or hostile laser beams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat and mass transfer is described that is applicable to: regeneration of liquid desiccant solutions, heat pumping of humid gases, cooling and dehumidifying of gases for air conditioning, and water absorption from air. Generally, using a moving gas, at a constant pressure, a continual change in a vapor-liquid equilibrium is created between proximate but continually changing gas and liquid desiccant temperatures within an energy transferring chamber. Chamber wetting, implemented segmentedly, allows mass transfer into and from the moving gas. A forced temperature differential between heat sinks and sources causes heat transferred by means of thermally conductive barriers. Concurrent with temperature variances, the segmented wetting further allows liquid desiccant concentrations caused by evaporation or condensation, to vary between wetted sectors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a high performance evaporator tube having a subsurface channel formed between adjacent helical fins with the subsurface channels having alternating closed portions and open pores above the subsurface channels. The fins of the tube are rolled-over toward the adjacent fin and then contacted with a notched disc to form the alternating closed portions and open pores.

Abstract: A process for separating a resin phase from a solvent solution containing a solvent, demetallized oil and resin which process comprises: (a) passing the solvent solution over a portion of a generally vertically positioned heat-exchange surface thereby heating the solvent solution to precipitate a resin phase; (b) heating an upper portion of the vertically positioned heat-exchange surface with a circulating hot heat-exchange fluid; (c) passing at least a portion of the resin phase which is precipitated on the upper portion of the vertically positioned downwardly over a lower portion of the vertically positioned heat-exchange surface which lower portion is maintained at a lower temperature than the temperature of the upper portion; (d) recovering the solvent solution having a reduced concentration of resin; and (e) recovering a resin phase.