Abstract: A method for producing a pH half-cell by means of which, in combination with a reference electrode and an evaluation electronics unit, a pH value of a medium can be determined, comprises the following steps: applying a first structure and a second structure to a substrate, wherein the first structure is applied by means of a thin-film method and forms a resistance element having a temperature-dependent resistance value, and wherein the second structure can be employed to derive a pH-dependent potential; applying a structured passivation glass layer, wherein the passivation glass layer substantially covers the first structure and leaves the second structure substantially uncovered; applying a mixed-conducting glass, wherein the mixed-conducting glass is substantially applied to the region that was left uncovered by the passivation glass layer; and applying a pH-sensitive glass, wherein the pH-sensitive glass is applied to the mixed-conducting glass.

Abstract: Isotachophoresis (ITP) is exploited to control various aspects of chemical reactions. In a first aspect, at least one of the reactants of a chemical reaction is confined to an ITP zone, but the resulting product of the chemical reaction is separated from this ITP zone by the ITP process. In a second aspect, one or more reactants of a chemical reaction are confined to an ITP zone, and one or more other reactants of the chemical reaction are not confined to this ITP zone. In a third aspect, ITP is employed to confine at least one reactant of a chemical reaction to an ITP zone, and at least one reactant of the chemical reaction is delivered to the ITP zone in two or more discrete doses. These aspects are especially relevant to performing polymerase chain reactions using chemical denaturants as opposed to thermal cycling.

Abstract: A biomolecule analyzer (100) includes an arm part (20-23, 66) retaining a transfer membrane (1) that is arranged at a position opposing a first opening (50a), and a drive unit (62-65) that is provided below an anode buffer tank (30), and drives the arm part in a substantially horizontal direction, in which the arm part passes along outer sides of side walls of the anode buffer tank (30), wraps around upper ends of the side walls and links at inner walls of the side wall.

Abstract: Provided is a method for measuring a blood component amount that can sufficiently and properly correct the blood component amount by measuring an Hct value with high accuracy and high reliability, and a sensor and a measuring device that are used in the method. A method for measuring a blood component amount uses a biosensor to calculate a blood component amount in blood. The biosensor includes the following: a first electrode system having a first working electrode and a first counter electrode; a second electrode system having a second working electrode and a second counter electrode; and a reagent portion arranged in a form that covers at least a part of the first electrode system, but does not cover the second working electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a free-flow electrophoresis method for separating at least one analyte of interest from a mixture of analytes, wherein the method uses a separation medium comprising two or more individual separation media, wherein the two or more individual separation media differ in their pH value, and wherein each of the two or more individual separation media comprise at least one anion of at least one acid and at least one cation of at least one base, wherein the at least one acid is the same in each of the two or more individual separation media and the at least one base is the same in each of the two or more individual separation media.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for scaling body fluid analysis data to correct and/or compensate for confounding variables such as hematocrit (Hct), temperature, variations in electrode conductivity or combinations thereof before providing an analyte concentration. The scaling methods utilize current response data obtained from an AC block applied prior to a DC block to minimize the impact of such confounding variables upon the observed DC current response before creating descriptors or algorithms. The scaling methods therefore compensate the measured DC current by using data from the AC block made on the same sample. Also disclosed are devices, apparatuses and systems incorporating the various scaling methods.

Abstract: A method of determining a concentration of phenol and/or a phenol derivative in a first solution. The method includes (a) subjecting a graphite pencil electrode system comprising a graphite pencil working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode to cyclic voltammetry in a second solution such that a surface of the graphite pencil working electrode is charged by the cyclic voltammetry to form a charged surface, (b) contacting the charged surface of the graphite pencil working electrode with the first solution for sufficient time to electropolymerize the phenol and/or the phenol derivative on the charged surface in open circuit fashion, and (c) determining the concentration of the phenol and/or the phenol derivative in the first solution, wherein the amount of the electropolymerized phenol and/or the electropolymerized phenol derivative formed on the charged surface correlates with the concentration of the phenol and/or the phenol derivative in the first solution.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for obtaining a preparative-scale, free-fluid electrophoretic separator with high resolution as well as an analytical capability commensurate with capillary zone electrophoresis. The electrophoretic focusing apparatus and method of the present invention combines features of electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing to accomplish large scale purifications and fractionations that have not previously been possible, and features a separation chamber bounded by precision-pore, insulated screens, a plurality of purge chambers, a plurality of electrode chambers, and a plurality of pump means. The separation device of the invention is capable of high speed of separation and short residency of sample through the use of high voltage gradients which are produced by relatively low voltages applied across the narrow chamber dimensions.

Abstract: An improved membrane based biosensor incorporates sensing and reference electrodes and a dc electrical potential produced by a counter electrode. The biosensor incorporates ionophores. The conductivity of the membrane is dependent on the presence or absence of an analyte. A functional reservoir exists between the sensing electrode and a lipid membrane deposited on the sensing electrode. The invention also includes the method of detecting the presence or absence of the analyte by use of the biosensor.