Abstract: An improved detector dewar assembly comprised primarily of metal subassemblies, which is easily assembled, and leaves the included detector assembly more readily serviceable.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a concrete shielding housing for receiving and storing a transportable fuel element container which is suitable for storage and filled with spent nuclear reactor fuel elements. The clear interior dimensions of the concrete shielding housing are somewhat larger than the outer dimensions of the container. At least one air inlet opening is provided at the lower region of the concrete shielding housing and, at the highest location of the housing, there is provided an air outlet opening. The air outlet opening is covered by means of a roof-like cover arranged in spaced relationship to the concrete shielding housing. The air outlet opening is surrounded by plates or metal strips or the like which are securely mounted to the housing and extend upwardly in the direction perpendicular to the housing. The upper edge of these plates terminate at a small distance from the roof-like cover.

Abstract: In a radiation image read-out system in which a stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored thereon is exposed to a stimulating ray which causes it to emit light in the pattern of the stored image, and the emitted light is photoelectrically read out, preliminary read-out is conducted to investigate the image input information on the phosphor sheet by use of a stimulating ray having stimulation energy lower than stimulation energy in final read-out for obtaining a visible image. The image input information is displayed, e.g., on a CRT to manually set final read-out and image processing conditions or directly sent to a control circuit for automatically setting them. Preliminary and final read-out sections are formed separately, or a single read-out section is used to conduct both read-out steps.

Abstract: A portable infrared spectrophotometer for nondestructive testing of coatings, plastics, rubber and other organic construction materials. A single source of infrared light is formed into two beams. One beam is directed to the surface of a sample where it is reflected off the surface of the sample at least four times. The other beam follows a similar path but bounces off a neutral surface. The two beams are combined and focused onto a detector. The output of the detector is proportional to the energy absorbed by the surface of the test sample. A pen recorder is used to provide a graphic display of the spectrum generated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a concrete shielding housing for receiving and storing a transportable fuel element container which is suitable for storage and filled with spent nuclear reactor fuel elements. The outer dimensions of the fuel element container are somewhat smaller than the clear interior dimensions of the concrete shielding housing. The concrete shielding housing includes a pallet-like base which can be moved about from one location to another with the aid of a suitable vehicle such as a fork-lift truck. The housing also includes the concrete shielding wall placeable upon the base, and a cover which can be placed atop the upper end of the concrete shielding wall. At least one air inlet opening is provided at the lower region of the concrete shielding housing and, at the upper region thereof, there is provided at least one air outlet opening.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a container for the long-term storage of radctive materials such as irradiated nuclear fuel elements. The container includes a vessel-shaped base body made of a material selected from the group including cast iron and cast steel. The base body has an outer surface and an opening through which the radioactive materials to be stored therein are passed. A plurality of ribs made of corrosion-resistant material are formed on the outer surface of the base-body to partition this surface into a plurality of surface segments. A protective layer covers each of the surface segments to protect the same against corrosion. A cover is adapted for sealing the opening of the vessel-shaped base body. The ribs and their arrangement on the surface of the base body of the vessel make it easier to apply the corrosion protective layer and make the layer less sensitive to differential expansion stresses of the contiguous materials.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a concrete shielding housing for receiving and storing a fuel element container filled with spent nuclear reactor fuel elements. The container is suitable for transport and storage. The clear interior dimensions of the concrete shielding housing are somewhat larger than the outer dimensions of the fuel element container. The concrete shielding housing includes a pallet-type base and in the lower region of the housing there is provided at least one air inlet opening and in the upper region of the housing there is provided at least one air outlet opening. To prevent an uncontrolled conduction of moisture away from the interior of the housing to the ground or to the floor of a storage area or building, there is provided a collection pan arranged under the base plate of the pallet-like base. At least one axial bore extends clear through the base plate of the pallet-like base.

Abstract: Naturally occurring gamma radiations from earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole are detected and spectrally separated into six energy regions or bands. Borehole compensation techniques are applied to the gamma ray spectra and the attenuation coefficient .eta. is determined as a result thereof. The attenuation coefficient is used along with predetermined borehole, casing and cement parameters to derive a measure of the density of the earth formations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and imaging alpha particles sources is described. A conducting coated high voltage electrode (1) and a tungsten wire grid (2) constitute a diode configuration discharge generator for electrons dislodged from atoms or molecules located in between these electrodes when struck by alpha particles from a source (3) to be quantitatively or qualitatively analyzed. A thin polyester film window (4) allows the alpha particles to pass into the gas enclosure and the combination of the glass electrode, grid and window is light transparent such that the details of the source which is imaged with high resolution and sensitivity by the sparks produced can be observed visually as well. The source can be viewed directly, electronically counted or integrated over time using photographic methods.

Abstract: Point source X-ray focusing device structures, materials and methods of forming them are provided which exhibit a greatly increased total reflected intensity for a desired X-ray wavelength of interest. The devices include one or more focusing elements which each have a focusing surface with a plurality of layer pairs formed thereon. The focusing surface and the layer pairs are designed to collect, reflect and concentrate the maximum X-ray flux from a point source to a focus point for a particular wavelength of interest.

Abstract: A radiation scatter gauge includes multiple detector locations for developing separate and independent sets of data from which multiple physical characteristics of a thin material and underlying substrate may be determined. In an illustrated embodiment, the apparatus and method of the invention are directed to determining characteristics of resurfaced pavement by nondestructive testing. More particularly, the density and thickness of a thin asphalt overlay and the density of the underlying pavement may be determined.

Abstract: Alignment apparatus particularly for a semiconductor wafer (140) includes a horizontal support plate (134), a horizontal rotatable theta plate (106) below the support plate and a horizontal x-y motion plate below the rotatable plate. Three piezoelectric linear drive motors (128-130) are mounted depending from the rotatable plate and having linear shafts (128a, etc.) extending thereabove to support the support plate, drive the support in the z-axis and then differentially operated to tilt the support plate. A pair of linear piezoelectric motors (110,115) drive the motion plate in x- and y-directions. A theta drive linear piezoelectric motor (137) functions to rotate the theta plate (106). Flexure connections (113, 117, 119, 121, 138, 144) are provided between the various motors and plates. Mask registration means (124, 125) extends upwardly past the edges of the plates to initially gap the wafer-to-mask distance.

Abstract: An improved scintillator for a solid state radiation detector useful in CT (computed tomography), DR (digital radiography), and related technologies. The scintillator, rather than being grown as a single crystal, is formed by means of hot pressing or sintering, as a polycrystalline ceramic. Rare earth oxides doped with rare earth activators are selected to yield a cubic crystal structure of high density and transmittance, which satisfies radiation detector requirements better than crystals utilized heretofore.

Abstract: A gaseous sample and a reference volume are traversed by electromagnetic iation and the absorption caused by the sample, as given by the difference between the radiation intensities after passage through the sample and the reference volume, is measured and used as a measurement value.By means of radiation of a wavelength in the range between 3.8 and 4.15 .mu.m, the specific mass of particles characterized by broadband absorption--especially graphitic particles--is determined; by means of radiation of a frequency band centered in the wavelength range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m, whose 3 dB bandwidth does not exceed 0.3 .mu.m, the specific total mass of aerosol particles is determined, and by the additional measurement of the resonance absorption at a wavelength in the range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m the percentages of both graphitic and organically soluble particles are determined separately.

Abstract: An electron source or ion source of a charged particle beam exposure device comprises a matrix of elements, each of which forms an elementary beam. The matrix is arranged in a field space such that the elementary beams emerge from the matrix in a mutually diverging manner. At the area where the distance between the elementary beams is sufficiently large, there is arranged an electrode system with a matrix of beam deflectors in which each of the elementary beams can be independently manipulated. Near a target to be exposed, there is arranged an aperture plate which completely or partly transmits each of the modulated elementary beams so that spot-shaping can be performed. Using the device in accordance with the invention, some one hundred possible different patterns can be written simultaneously.

Abstract: A device for shielding a radiation source that is adapted to selectively position the source to be stored and shipped or positioned for repetitively establishing a radiation field for calibrating radiation detection devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically detecting a security thread embedded in a paper-like material, e.g., a paper currency. The paper-like material is carried through a detection region defined by an infrared radiation source and two infrared radiation detectors. Two optical filters are mounted on the detectors, respectively. Those filters have different infrared transmission characteristics. Therefore, one detector can detect infrared rays having wavelengths only within a specific range determined by that one filter, and the other detector can detect infrared rays having wavelengths only within another specific range determined by the other filter. When the infrared radiation source projects infrared rays to the paper-like material, the detectors deliver the respective detection signals. A processor processes these detection signals to determine whether or not a security thread is embedded in the paper-like material and also what a detected security material is made of.

Abstract: In a mass spectrometer, suitable for use in the determination of isotope ratios, having as a mass selector a sector magnet and detector means for detecting and measuring the intensity of ion beams at two or more positions in the focal plane of said sector magnet, the improvement comprises providing the exit (and optionally also the entrance) pole face of said sector magnet with a curvature such that the focal plane of said sector magnet lies substantially at right angles to the ion optical axis as it passes through said focal plane. With this arrangement, motion of detector means between positions in said focal plane by means of mechanical linkages controlled from outside the vacuum system of the mass spectrometer is facilitated.

Abstract: A radiation detector having a plurality of discrete fields of view with respect to a plurality of sensing elements. The sensing elements are connected such that their output signals are summed to zero if all elements are receiving the same radiation. Optical elements focus on the sensing elements to produce the discrete fields of view and are adapted to produce non-uniform sensitivity of the patterns over the solid angle thereof whereby a non-zero output will be produced when the sensing elements receive differing amounts of radiation. In one embodiment, a shield is disposed between elements to block radiation to a sensing element from one portion of the solid angle and to pass radiation from another portion of the solid angle.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography apparatus comprises a detector part having as a light source a metal halide lamp filled with tantalum halide, mercury and rare gas.