Abstract: Continuous reductive dehydroxymethylation process for the preparation of alkanes from primary aliphatic alcohols, having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst in a reactor at a pressure of ?2 bar, characterized in that the dehydroxymethylation takes place in the vapor phase.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes and reaction systems for controlling a temperature of an oligomerization reaction zone using a heat exchange system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to free radical reaction methods in which low molecular weight, C2 to C6, unsaturated organic compounds such as ethylene and/or propylene are reacted with low molecular weight, C1 to C15, preferably C1 to C10 saturated organic compounds to form low molecular weight, linear or branched C3 to C24, preferably C3 to C12 organic compounds. The present invention is based at least in part upon the concept of carrying out the free radical reaction in the presence of a typically low concentrations of the unsaturated reactant(s) in the reaction zone(s). By doing this, chain transfer mechanisms are more favored while chain extension mechanisms are less favored. In some embodiments, principles of the present invention are helpful to create conditions under which chain transfer to form more stable, secondary or tertiary branched radicals is favored over olefin addition via chain extension.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane. Specifically, in the method, a methane/hydrogen gas is introduced into an Inconel 600 reactor at a superficial velocity of 100 to 200 cm·min?1 and a catalyst is not externally introduced into the reactor. Under the conditions, a non-oxidative direct methane conversion reaction is performed in the Inconel 600 reactor. The method maximizes the reaction rate, minimizes coke formation, and increases the yields of C2 hydrocarbon compounds and aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heteroatomic ligand-metal compound complex transition-state model which has been developed for activity, purity, and/or selectivity for selective ethylene oligomerizations, and density functional theory calculations for determining heteroatomic ligand-metal compound complex reactivity, product purity, and/or selectivity for ethylene trimerizations and/or tetramerizations. Using reaction ground states and transition states, and/or reaction ground states and transition states in combination with the energetic span model, this disclosure reveals that a chromium chromacycle mechanism, there are multiple ground states and multiple transition states, which can account for activity, purity, and/or selectivity for selective ethylene oligomerizations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides processes and apparatus for producing poly alpha olefins. In at least one embodiment, a process to produce a poly alpha olefin includes introducing a first olefin monomer to a first catalyst and an activator in a first reactor to form a first reactor effluent comprising olefin dimers and olefin timers. The process includes heating the first reactor effluent to form an isomerized product and introducing the isomerized product to a filtration unit to form a filtration effluent. The process may include introducing the filtration effluent to a first distillation unit to form a first distillation effluent. The process may include introducing the first distillation effluent to a second distillation unit to form a second distillation effluent. The process includes introducing the first distillation effluent and/or the second distillation effluent to a second catalyst in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent comprising the olefin timers.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of separating C8 aromatic hydrocarbon isomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a feed comprising ethanol and acetaldehyde in the presence of a supported tantalum catalyst obtainable by aqueous impregnation of the support with a water-soluble tantalum precursor. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the production of a supported tantalum catalyst, and the supported tantalum catalyst. Finally, the invention relates to the use of the supported tantalum catalyst for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a feed comprising ethanol and acetaldehyde to increase one or both of selectivity and yield of the reaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermal coupling method for preparing ethylene by ethanol dehydration and device thereof. The device includes an ethanol dehydration reaction system, a quenching compression system, an alkaline washing system, a molecular sieve drying system and an ethylene purification and propylene refrigeration cycle system; ethanol dehydration reaction products in the ethanol dehydration reaction system serve as a heat source for preheating, vaporization and superheating of a raw material of ethanol; tower bottoms of an evaporation tower in the quenching compression system serve as a heat source for preheating of a feed stream of the evaporation tower and heating of an overhead gas of a quenching tower; products of ethylene in the alkaline washing system serve as a cold source for cooling of crude ethylene.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing long-chain alkanes and alkenes from alcohols, aldehydes, or both. The process proceeds via acceptorless dehydrogenation and decarbonylative coupling using a supported catalyst.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising nickel and sulfur on an alumina support, said catalyst being characterized in that: the nickel is distributed both on a crust at the periphery of the support, and in the core of the support, the thickness of said crust being between 2% and 15% of the diameter of the catalyst; the nickel density ratio between the crust and the core is strictly greater than 3; said crust comprises more than 25% by weight of nickel element relative to the total weight of nickel contained in the catalyst, the size of the nickel particles in the catalyst, measured in oxide form, is between 7 and 25 nm.

Abstract: A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream includes a pressure containment vessel having an interior chamber defined by a first end, a second end, and at least one sidewall extending from the first end to the second end. A heat transfer medium converts electrical current to heat is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, and the heat transfer medium has a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face. A heat sink reservoir includes molten salt, and at least one of a heater or heat exchanger is fluidly coupled to the heat transfer medium and thermally coupled to the heat sink reservoir.

Abstract: A method for the aromatization of hydrocarbons, comprising: introducing a feed stream to an aromatization catalyst in a fixed bed reactor wherein the feed stream comprises a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, converting the hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form an outlet stream comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon; wherein the feed stream is introduced at a GHSV of greater than or equal to 4,000 milliliters per gram of catalyst per hour (ml·g?1 Cat·h?1), and a pressure of greater than or equal to 0.4 MPa. The feed stream can comprise hydrogen in an amount of at least 0.1 volume percent (vol %) up to 20 vol % based upon total volume of the feed stream.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a barium niobate-based cubic perovskite structure where, Mg and Ca has been used to dope the niobium sites along with Fe, Ni, Co, Y, and Pr.

Abstract: Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous entities comprising a multidentate organic ligand coordinated to multiple metal centers. MOFs having ambient condition stability may comprise a plurality of metal clusters comprising one or more M4O clusters (M is a metal), and a plurality of 4-pyrazolecarboxylate ligands coordinated to the plurality of metal clusters to define an at least partially crystalline network structure having a plurality of internal pores. The MOFs may have a Pa3 symmetry, which upon activation may convert into Fm3m symmetry.

Abstract: Methods for determining ethylene concentration in an ethylene oligomerization reactor using an ultrasonic flow meter are described, and these methods are integrated into ethylene oligomerization processes and related oligomerization reactor systems.

Abstract: Furnace systems and methods for steam cracking hydrocarbons to produce ethylene and other light olefins are provided herein. A furnace system for cracking hydrocarbons includes a radiant firebox containing a plurality of burners and an injection nozzle, a primary transfer line exchanger fluidly coupled to and downstream of the radiant firebox, and a flow restrictor fluidly coupled to and downstream of the primary transfer line exchanger. The furnace system also includes a decoke vessel containing an effluent inlet, a fluid outlet, and a coke outlet, where the effluent inlet is fluidly coupled to and downstream of the flow restrictor and the fluid outlet is fluidly coupled to and upstream of the injection nozzle of the radiant firebox, and a coke collection bin is coupled to the coke outlet of the decoke vessel.

Abstract: Provided are: novel zeolite having an extremely small amount of specific Bronsted acid sites on the surface thereof, which is expected to be useful as a catalyst for the aromatization of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon typified by an aliphatic hydrocarbon; and a catalyst for use in the production of an aromatic hydrocarbon, which comprises the zeolite. Zeolite characterized by satisfying the following requirements (i) to (iii). (i) The zeolite has an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. (ii) The zeolite is 10-membered ring microporous zeolite. (iii) The amount of the Bronsted acid sites on the outer surface of the zeolite is 0.1 to 10.0 ?mol/g.

Abstract: Systems and processes for dehydrogenating one or more alkanes using electrically heated dehydrogenation reactors. The source of electric energy or power can be a power grid, solar panel, windmill, hydropower, nuclear power, fuel cell, gas turbines, steam turbines, portable generator or the like. The systems and processes provided herein result in a simpler dehydrogenation process which is particularly beneficial at a small scale and at remote locations, including the well site.