Abstract: The novel compounds 3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine and certain of its derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have anti-inflammatory activity as well as immune response suppression activity. 3-Deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine and certain of its intermediates are synthesized by the enzyme catalyzed reaction of the appropriately substituted 3-deazapurine with a 2'-deoxyribose donor.

Abstract: Four new antibiotics which are denominated istamycin A, istamycin B, istamycin A.sub.o and istamycin B.sub.o, and which are useful as antibacterial agents, are produced by fermentation of a new microorganism, Streptomyces tenjimariensis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 1.alpha.-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone by fermenting or reacting dehydroepiandrosterone or a derivative thereof with microorganisms of the species Penicillium oxalicum or Aspergillus terreus or mycelium or extracts therefrom obtained when the microorganisms are in a stationary phase of growth. The invention process produces steroid compounds which are pharmacologically valuable substances.

Abstract: Novel biological assay method for determining the presence of a specific organic material by employing a modified enzyme for amplification. By employing receptors specific for one or a group of materials (hereinafter referred to as "ligands") and binding an enzyme to the ligand or ligand counterfeit to provide an "enzyme-bound-ligand", an extremely sensitive method is provided for assaying for ligands. The receptor when bound to the enzyme-bound-ligand substantially inhibits enzymatic activity, providing for different catalytic efficiencies of enzyme-bound-ligand and enzyme-bound-ligand combined with receptor.The receptor, ligand and enzyme-bound-ligand are combined in an arbitrary order and the effect of the presence of ligand on enzymatic activity determined. Various protocols may be used for assaying for enzymatic activity and relating the result to the amount of ligand present.

Abstract: New antibiotically active compounds having the basic structure of rifamycin S, namely 3-hydroxyrifamycin S (formula A: X=<C.dbd.O; R.sup.1 =OH; R.sup.2 =H), 3,31-dihydroxyrifamycin S (formula A: X=<C.dbd.O; R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =OH) and 1-desoxy-1-oxarifamycin S (formula A: X=--O--; R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =H) ##STR1## are formed by cultivating, under aerobic conditions, a strain of Nocardia mediterranei which is derived from Streptomyces mediterranei ATCC 13 685 as the parent strain and is characterized by the ability to produce at least one of the mentioned compounds. The recombinant strain Nocardia mediterranei DSM 1415 has proved suitable. The mentioned rifamycin S analogues have analogous antibiotic properties to this but have a wider range of action, especially against gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel, broad bacterial host range small plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid rings which serve as cloning vehicles for DNA fragments, particularly those separated from other plasmid rings or from chromosones, recombined with the small plasmid rings and to the processes for recombining the plasmid rings and to processes for transferring them between host bacteria. In particular, the present invention relates to the aggregate plasmid ring RP1/pRO1600, to pRO1600 and plasmid ring derivatives thereof, particularly including pRO1601; pRO1613 and pRO1614, all of which are carried for reference purposes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (also known as strain PAO1c) and are on deposit at the Northern Regional Research Laboratories (NRRL) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Peoria, Il. The plasmid ring RP1 (also known as R1822) is deposited in Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL-B-12123 (and is a known plasmid ring). The pRO1600 portion of the aggregate is a new plasmid ring.

Abstract: Antibiotic A-4696 factors B.sub.1, B.sub.2, B.sub.3, C.sub.1a, C.sub.3, and E.sub.1 are isolated from antibiotic A-4696, the latter being produced by Actinoplanes missouriensis strains ATCC 31680, ATCC 31682, and ATCC 31683 under submerged aerobic conditions in a culture medium and isolated from the fermentation broth by absorption on an ion exchange resin and eluted therefrom at p.sup.H 10.5 with sodium hydroxide. The novel factors are separated by thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography and have antimicrobial and growth promotant activity.

Abstract: Microbiological methods, compositions and transformants are used for production of organic products for controlling cellular properties. Extrachromosomal elements are used which are subject to external modulation for production of a control element. The change in the amount of production of the control element allows for enhanced expression of a gene producing a poly(amino acid) product. The change in production of the control element allowing for enhanced gene expression of the product is accompanied by amplification of the product producing gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel, broad bacterial host range small plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid rings which serve as cloning vehicles for DNA fragments, particularly those separated from other plasmid rings or from chromosones, recombined with the small plasmid rings and to the processes for recombining the plasmid rings and to processes for transferring them between host bacteria. In particular, the present invention relates to the aggregate plasmid ring RP1/pRO1600, to pRO1600 and plasmid ring derivatives thereof, particularly including pRO1601; pRO1613 and pRO1614, all of which are carried for reference purposes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (also known as strain PAO1c) and are on deposit at the Northern Regional Research Laboratories (NRRL) of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture at Peoria, Ill. The plasmid ring RP1 (also known as R1822) is deposited in Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL-B-12123 (and is a known plasmid ring). The pRO1600 portion of the aggregate is a new plasmid ring.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic C-14482 A.sub.1 is produced by cultivating a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia and capable of producing Antibiotic C-14482 A.sub.1 is a culture medium, whereby Antibiotic C-14482 A.sub.1 is elaborated and accumulated in the culture medium and recovering the same antibiotic.Antibiotic C-14482 A.sub.1 is useful as a germicide or disinfectant.

Abstract: Micromonospora danubiensis, a new species, having the capability of producing sisomicin.

Abstract: A new process for preparing thienamycin, a known antibiotic useful as a medicament and veterinary drug, characterized by cultivating Streptomyces penemifaciens sp. nov. in a suitable medium and recovering thienamycin from the fermentation broth.

Abstract: A bacterium which comprises a host of the genus Escherichia deficient in the enzyme tryptophanase carrying a plasmid with genetic information to control L-tryptophan production is useful for the fermentative production of L-tryptophan in high yields.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a set of vectors (or of DNA fragments to be inserted in a vector) which distinguish from one another in that, taking into account one vector in which the number of pairs of bases between the reading initiation point of the vector and a point corresponding to the first pair of bases of a recognition site corresponding to a predetermined restriction enzyme, the two other vectors comprise between the corresponding points additional groups of pairs of bases comprising respectively two pairs of bases on the one hand and either one or four pairs of bases on the other hand, plus possibly whole numbers of triplets. On inserting a determined DNA fragment of which the expression is sought in bacteria in the three vectors, the reading of said DNA fragment will occur in phase as concerns one of the so modified vectors after transfection of bacteria therewith.

Abstract: Purine-arabinosides and a method for making purine-arabinosides are disclosed. The method comprises contacting an arabinose donor and a purine source in the presence of an effective amount of enzyme produced by a bacterium and capable of transarabinosylation from the arabinose donor to the purine source, whereby a 9-(.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-purine is produced.

Abstract: A process for producing 6-aminopenicillanic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid S-oxide by means of enzymes produced by microbes belonging to Arthrobacter genus, especially Arthrobacter cremorum and Arthrobacter flagellum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing the high-quality mycelia of the Basidiomycetes from culture thereof by promoting growth of the fungus as well as differentiation of the cells and attendant organization thereof by adding to the culture medium a straight chain saturated aliphatic alcohol with a catbon number within a specified range of 26 to 36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sisomicin is produced by culturing Micromonospora danubienis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of ergot alkaloids, primarily ergocornine and .beta.-ergocryptine, by subjecting a Claviceps purpurea strain to fermentation under aerobic conditions in a culture medium which contains carbon and nitrogen sources, mineral salts and optionally other additives, too. According to the invention a Claviceps purpurea variant strain deposited under No. MNG 00186 is applied as alkaloid-producing strain.

Abstract: The present invention concerns ergostadientriols which may be recovered from either the fungus R. oligosporus or the fungus R. oryzae as well as from soybeans which have been fermented with either of these fungi. Alternatively, the sterols may be chemically synthesized. The sterols of this invention are antioxidants which may be used in anti-oxidant compositions alone or preferably with one or more isoflavone. Of particular significance is the discovery that the ergostadientriols of this invention are useful in lowering serum cholesterol levels. Accordingly, this invention in a particularly preferred embodiment discloses pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more ergostadientriol. Finally, therapeutic methods which utilize pharmaceutical compositions in accordance with this invention are disclosed.